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* * * * * * * * * * * * Alfred Tennyson (1809-1892) The Victorian Literature The Victorian Age (1832-1901) 3 stages: The early Victorian stage (1832-1848): sharp conflict btw the labor and the capital, the Chartist Movement, cries for democracy.—Charles Dickens, Bronte Sisters, Thackeray Middle (1848-1870): economic prosperity, progress, optimism, confidence. Thackeray, George Eliot The Late Victorian Age (1870-1901): Crises, decline of the empire, doubt in religious belief; Thomas Hardy. life Father: clergyman who grew insane. Precocious boy, who wrote a long poem at 9., poor eyesight Education: Cambridge without getting a degree. Experiences: Associations: Apostle club and Arthur H. Hallam Alfred began to write poetry at an early age in the style of Lord Byron. After spending four unhappy years in school he was tutored at home. Tennyson then studied at Trinity College, Cambridge, where he joined the literary club The Apostles and made friends with Arthur Hallam, upon whose death he wrote one of the best elegies in the world In Memoriam”. Tennyson published Poems, Chiefly Lyrical, in 1830, His next book, Poems (1833), received unfavorable reviews, and Tennyson ceased to publish for nearly ten years. In 1842, however, Tennysons Poems in two volumes was a tremendous critical and popular success. In 1850, with the publication of In Memoriam, Tennyson became one of Britains most popular poets. He was selected Poet Laureate in succession to wordsworth. Tennyson suffered from extreme short-sightedness -- without a monocle he could not even see to eat -- and this disability in part accounts for his manner of creating poetry: Tennyson composed much of his poetry in his head, occasionally working on individual poems for many years. In the 1870s Tennyson wrote several plays, among them the poetic dramas Queen Mary (1875) and Harold (1876). In 1884 he was created a baron. He died at the age of 83. He was buried in the Poets Corner in Westminster Abbey. Literary