(程式语言).ppt

Programming Language(程式語言) Chapter 6 Data Types (資料型態) Topics Introduction Primitive data types (基本資料型態) Character string types (符號字串型態) User-defined ordinal types (使用者定義順序型態) Array types (陣列型態) Associative arrays (關聯陣列) Record types (紀錄型態) Union types (聯合型態) Pointer and reference types (指標與參考型態) Introduction Data type defines A collection of data objects and a set of predefined operations on those objects一群資料物件與再這物件上被預先定義運算集合 Primitive Data Types Almost all programming languages provide a set of primitive data types Primitive data types Those not defined in terms of other data types沒有被定義再其他的資料型態中 Some primitive data types are merely (只是) reflections (反映) of the hardware Integer type Others require (需要) only a little non-hardware Integer The most common privative numeric (數字的) data type is integer Java’s signed integer sizes byte, short, int, long C++ and C# include unsigned integer types Unsigned types are often used for binary data Floating Point Model real numbers, but only as approximations (近似值) Languages for scientific (科學) use support at least two floating-point types Float and double IEEE Floating-Point Standard 754 IEEE Standard 754 Floating-Point Decimal (10進位) For business applications (money) Essential (基本) to COBOL C# offers a decimal data type Store a fixed number of decimal digits Advantage Accuracy (準確) Disadvantages Limited range (有限的範圍) Wastes memory (消耗記憶體) Boolean Simplest (最簡單) of all Range of values: two elements True False Could be implemented as bits, but often as bytes Advantage Readability Character (字元) Stored as numeric (數值) codings Most commonly used coding: ASCII An alternative, 16-bit coding: Unicode Includes characters from most natural languages Originally used in Java C# and JavaScript also support Unicode Character String Types Values are sequences of characters Design issues Should strings be simply a special kind of character array or a primitive type? Should strings have static or dynamic length? Character String Types Op