02b First Law concepts.pptVIP

? Adiabatic for perfect gas 2.6 Adiabatic changes (1) The work of adiabatic change Decide the initial and final state 2.6 Adiabatic changes ? the state function The state function and the process function ? isothermal process ? adiabatic process ? the adiabatic reversible expansion perfect gas adiabatic reversible 2.6 Adiabatic changes The adiabatic reversible expansion Illustration 2.5 (2) Heat capacity ratio 2.6 Adiabatic changes ? isothermal ? adiabatic Atkins de Paula: Atkins’ Physical Chemistry 7e 2 The first law: the concepts Bilingual Course by Jianping Liu ? 界面 Ra Rn + He 226 88 222 86 4 2 A B K+ E+ K- E- A + B 2C dU ?dqv Lectures: M14:30-16:10AM, H101 Course Information Instructor: Jianping Liu email: jpliu@mail.ccnu.edu.cn Office Hours: Fri 16:00-17:30 H219 Mobile:Bilingual Course by Jianping Liu F10:00-11:40AM, 8110 Atkins de Paula: Atkins’ Physical Chemistry 7e 2 The first law: the concepts Bilingual Course by Jianping Liu 2.4 Heat transactions ? internal energy change and heat transfer In general dU = dq + dwexp+ dwe dU = dqv at constant volume (dwexp = 0) and no additional work (dwe = 0) ΔU = qv (a) Calorimetry the study of heat transfer during physical and chemical processes ? Adiabatic bomb calorimeter The common device for measuring ΔU. qV = CΔT ΔU = qv ( C is the calorimeter constant) (b) Heat capacity at constant volume CV Since dU = dqv then the internal energy varies with the temperature and the volume being held constant. ? internal energy change at constant volume (b) Heat capacity at constant volume CV ? Why introduce? 2.5 Enthalpy H In general, the system is free to change its volume, then can q equal to another thermodynamic property of the system at constant pressure? Question: (a) The definition of enthalpy (state function) ? enthalpy change Infinitesimal measurable 2.5 Enthalpy H (at equilibrium and expansion work only) at constant pressure Infinitesimal measura