全国硕士研究生入学试英语一试题及答案详解.docxVIP

People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At first glance this might seem like a strength that the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by 2 factors. But Dr. Uri Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samples of information they were working with. 4 , he theorised that a judge 5 of appearing too soft 6 crime might be more likely to send someone to prison 7 he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to forced community service on that day. To 8 this idea, he turned to the university-admissions process. In theory, the 9 of an applicant should not depend on the few others 10 randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr Simonsohn suspected the truth was 11 . He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews 12 by 31 admissions officers. The interviewers had 13 applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale 14 numerous factors into consideration. The scores were 15 used in conjunction with an applicant’s score on the Graduate Management Admission Test, or GMAT, a standardised exam which is 16 out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her. Dr Simonsonh found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one 17 that, then the score for the next applicant would 18 by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to 19 the effects of such a decrease a candidate would need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been 20 . 参考译文 总的来说，人们在做个人决定时，并不擅长考虑背景信息。乍一看，这似乎是一种优势，它赋予人们不受外界因素影响而做判断的能力。但是，Simonsohn博士推测，缺乏考虑大局的能力，会导致决策者受其日常所接触信息的影响而形成偏见。例如，他这样推理，如果一个法官害怕（别人说他）对犯罪太心慈手软，而且他在那天已经对五、六个被告做出缓刑判决，那么他更可能会判接下