息税前利润EBIT和息税折旧摊销前利润EBITDA比较.docVIP

减震器知识 Shock absorber knowledgeOne, the principle of hydraulic shock absorberWhen the frame and the axle to do reciprocating relative application, piston reciprocating in the damping cylinder moves within the oil shock absorber shell is repeated from the cavity through the narrow pore flow into another cavity. They formed on the vibration damping force of friction at the liquid and wall friction and liquid molecules within the.Method two, check the shock absorber1 make the car in poor condition of roads roads ten km after parking, touch the damper housing by hand, if not hot, indicating no shock absorber internal resistance, shock absorber does not work. At this time, can join the proper lubricating oil, then test, if the housing heating, for shock absorber internal lack of oil, should add enough oil, otherwise, the damper failure.2 press the bumper, then release, if the car has two to three jumps, then good shock absorbers.3 when the car slowly driving and emergency braking, if car vibration is severe, explain shock absorber has a problem.Advantages and disadvantages of the three, shock absorber, hardness of soft1 soft: comfortable riding, bump less stable. But the intense driving, drag racing will be very uncomfortable. Such as the Japanese car.2 hard: take a slightly uncomfortable, but the control of the strong. Such as the German car line. In general, fish and bears paw can not have both, choose moderate hardness of the best. 一、 液压减震器原理 当车架与车桥做往复相对运用时，活塞在减震的缸筒内往复移动，减震器壳体内的油液便反复的从内腔通过一些窄小的孔隙流入另一内腔。此时液体与内壁的摩擦及液体分子的内摩擦便形成对振动的阻尼力。 二、检查减震器的方法 1.使汽车在道路条件较差的路面上行驶十公里后停车，用手触摸减震器外壳，如果不够热，说明减震器内部无阻力，减震器不工作。此时，可加入适当的润滑油，再进行试验，若外壳发热，则为减震器内部缺油，应加足油，否则，说明减震器失效。 2.用力按下保险杠，然后松开，如果汽车有二到三次跳跃，则说明减震器良好。 3.当汽车缓慢行驶而紧急制动时，若汽车振动比较剧烈，说明减震器有问题。 三、减震器软、硬度的优缺点 1.偏软：乘坐舒服，颠簸少，平稳。但激烈驾驶、飙车会很不爽。如日系车。 2.偏硬：乘坐稍有不舒服，但操控性较强。如德系车。 总的来说，鱼和熊掌不可兼得，选择软硬适中的最好。