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Taiwan politics
The Political Formation of Taiwanese Nationalism
Chia-lung Lin
Central argument: Taiwanese national identity is socially and politically constructed and subject to changes, especially when under the intensive mobilization of political elites at times of regime transition.
The Taiwanese Background:
Taiwan is ethically highly divided, constantly under foreign threat → in transition to democracy, and in strengthening democracy, Taiwan faces challenges related to its national identity
The progress of democratization is connected to: the awakening of long-suppressed Taiwanese consciousness; the society’s search for international recognition; the conflict between Taiwanese and Chinese nationalists
Nationalism-Related Concepts:
Differentiation between Nationalism and Nationhood:
Nationalism: political principle that involves the building of a sovereign nation-state; combines nationhood and statehood
Nationhood: means national identity; a sense shared among people believing to belong to the same nation; does not essentially involve the formation of a sovereign state
Statehood: a sovereign state with people who can be of different ethnic/ national origins
Nationalist movements can be in form of:
expansionism: try to incorporate their population into other states
separatism: struggle to control the destiny of their nation, for independence
irredentism: minority national group/s seek unity with group members in other states
in Taiwan: one separatist group (seeking independence); one irredentist group (seeking reunification with China)
Percentage of people supporting Taiwanese independence rose from 6% in 1989 to 23% in 1999; percentage of people supporting reunification with China decreased from 55% in 1989 to 16% in 1999
Support for keeping the current form of government: increased from 18% in 1989 to 49% in 1996
Between 1989 and 1996: number of those who identify with Taiwan has increased by 20%; number of those who identify with China has decreased by 31%; in 1996
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