Chapter One-汉+英.docVIP

Chapter One 第一章 An Outline of Agriculture 大纲农业 I. Introduction 介绍 Agriculture, art, science, and industry of managing the growth of plants and animals for human use. In a broad sense agriculture includes cultivation of the soil, growing and harvesting crops, breeding and raising livestock, dairying, and forestry. 农业、艺术、科学和工业的管理植物的生长和动物以供人类使用。在广义上包括土壤的农业种植和收割庄稼,生长、繁殖和提高家畜、乳品、和林业。 Modern agriculture depends heavily on engineering and technology and on the biological and physical sciences. Irrigation, drainage, conservation, and sanitary engineering—each of which is important in successful farming—are some of the fields requiring the specialized knowledge of agricultural engineers. 现代农业的发展在很大程度上依赖于工程、科技和对生物和物理科学。灌溉、排水、保育和卫生工程其中的每一个都是重要的农业是成功的一些领域专业知识的要求农业工程师。 Agricultural chemistry deals with other vital farming concerns, such as the application of fertilizer, insecticides, and fungicides, soil makeup, analysis of agricultural products, and nutritional needs of farm animals. 农业化学与其他重要的农业问题,比如的应用及杀菌剂、杀虫剂、肥料、土壤妆,分析农业产品,和营养需求的农场里的动物。 Plant breeding and genetics contribute immeasurably to farm productivity. Genetics has also made a science of livestock breeding. Hydroponics, a method of soilless gardening in which plants are grown in chemical nutrient solutions, may help meet the need for greater food production as the world’s population increases. 植物育种和基因的贡献不可估量的农业生产力。遗传学也创造了一种科学的畜牧业。数据的一种方法，溶液培养学，无土园艺植物生长在化学营养的解决方案,可以帮助满足需要更多的食物生产随着世界人口的增加。 The packing, processing, and marketing of agricultural products are closely related activities also influenced by science. Methods of quick-freezing and dehydration have increased the markets for farm products. 包装、加工、销售的农产品是密切相关的活动也受到科学。速冻和脱水方法增加了农产品的市场。 Mechanization, the outstanding characteristic of late 19th- and 20th-century agriculture, has eased much of the backbreaking toil of the farmer. More significantly, mechanization has enormously increased farm efficiency and productivity. Animals including horses, oxen, llamas, alpa