新speech sounds.ppt

Chapter 2 We may analyze speech sounds from two major areas of study: Phonetics语音学 it studies how speech sounds are produced, transmitted, and perceived. Speech production speech transmission speech perception phonology音系学 it studies the sound patterns and sound systems of languages. It aims to discover the principles that govern the way sounds are organized in languages, and to explain the variations that occur. Chapter 2 We are to analyze the phonlogical structure音系结构. Which sound units are used and how they are put together. Then we compare the properties of sunds systems in different languages in order to make hypotheses about the rules that underlie the use of sounds in them, and ultimatley to discover the rules that underlie the sound patterns of all languages. Chapter 2 2.1 Introduction: Most sutdents do not like to learn phonetics and phonology. They say they are difficult and boring. But these two subjects are very useful. With some phonetic knowledge we can give a much more precise description to speech sounds. And with some phonological knowledge we can become more aware of the functions of sounds in diffenert languages. More importantly, phonetics and phonology have made the greatest contribution to “teaching” machines to “talk”. Now there are hundreds of machines that are “talking” in one language or another. How can we make machines “talk”? Chapter2 By telling them precisely how to produce each sound in a given langugae. It is not easy to write a program of this kind. But one thing is ceratin that it is our knowledge of phonetics and phonology that enables us to do so. Thus, it is useful for us students to konw something about phonetics and phonology. Chapter 2 2.2 phonetics: Knowing a language includes knowing what sounds are in the language and how they may be gathered to form meaningful units. Human beings are capable of producing a wide range of sounds, but only a small set is used for speech. The task of phon