Chapter six Phonetics.pptVIP

Chapter six Phonetics: The Sounds of Language 刘莉珍 I gradually came to see that phonetics had an important bearing on human relations-- that when people of different nations pronounce each others languages really well, it has an astonishing effect of bring them together, it puts people on equality, a good understanding between them immediately springs up. From the journal of Daniel Jones Outline Sound segments The phonetic alphbet Articulatory phonetics: a. consonants. b. vowels. Prosodic features The phonetics of signed languages Summary Sound segments What is phonetics? Phonetics is the study of speech sounds. We can segment that one English sound into parts because we know English. Speakers of English can separate keepout into the two words keep and out because they know the language. Sound segments Everyone who knows a language knows how to segment languages into words, and words into sounds. Sound segments Some phrases and sentences that are clearly distinct when printed may ambiguous when spoken. grade A gray day I scream Ice cream The suns rays meet The sons raise meat Identity of speech sounds Our knowlege of a language determins when we judge physically different sounds to be the same. Three branches of phonetics Acoustic phonetics(声学语音学) focuses on the physical properties of sounds. Auditory phonetics(听觉语音学) is concerned with how listeners perceive these sounds. Articulatory phonetics(发音语音学) is the study of how the vocal tract produces the sounds of languge. It is the primary concern of this chapter. Articulatory phonetics----from the speakers’ point of view, study of “how speech sounds are produced”. 发音语音学： 研究语音的发生 Acoustic phonetics---- deals with the transmission of speech sounds through the air. (研究语音的物理特征) Auditory phonetics----from the hearers’ point of view, “how speech sounds are perceived by the listener.”（研究语音的感知） IPA ---- The