1.Types of Structural Relationships.pptVIP

Managing People and Organizations: Advanced Outcome 4Approaches to Organizing People within the Workplace Organizing :tasks任务, resources, structure Job design Resource allocation资源分配 Departmentalization部门划分, organizational structure Learning Objectives for outcome 3 Types of structural relationships Different methods of dividing and grouping activities together Alternative approaches to structure Main contingency models Section 1--Types of Structural Relationships Objectives for this lesson 1.Explain some basic concepts including authority, responsibility, delegation, scalar chain of command, span of control管理幅度 2.Describe some business structure including good structure, line structure, tall structure, flat structure 1.Basic Concepts 1.1 Authority职权 1.2 Responsibility义务 1.3 Delegation授权 1.4 Scalar chain of command指挥链 1.5 Span of control管理幅度 1.1 Authority职权 The types of power: 1.1 Authority职权 ?Authority is the right to direct指挥 or guide引导 the actions of others and extract提取 from them responses that are appropriate to achieving the goals of the organisation. 职权与管理职位有关。其实质是一种决策权，即决定干什么，如何干以及何时干的权利。职权还包括另两种形式：奖励权rewards power和惩罚权coercive power 1.2 Responsibility职责 Responsibility is the obligation职责 placed on a person who has a certain position in an organisation to perform a task, assignment or function. 承担某一岗位职务的管理者必须对该岗位所规定的工作完全负责； 权利和职责是对等的； 1.3 Delegation授权 Delegation is the act of passing the authority and responsibility to complete a task to another person. 1.4 Scalar Chain of Command 指挥链 This refers to the number of different levels in the structure of the organisation, the chain of hierarchical command. The scalar chain establishes the levels of authority and the framework for superior-subordinate relationships. 确定管理层次时，上下级之间从最高层到最低层形成一条连续不断的等级链，明确上下级的职责和权利。 1.5 Span of Control管理幅度 The span of control identifies how many people a supervisor, or manager, can effectively supervise. 管理者所能有效领导的直接下属的数量限度就被称为管理幅度。 Discussion What factors might af