EST.docVIP

English for Science and Technology Characteristic syntax of EST 1. More long and complicated sentencesEST as a formal style of writing usually consists of more long and complicated sentences. When translated into Chinese, a long sentence may be cut into several parts. One of the most important things which the economic theories can contribute to management science is building analytical models which help in recognizing the structure of managerial problems, eliminating the minor details which might obstruct decision making, and in concentrating on the main issues. 经济理论对于管理科学的最重要贡献之一，就是建立分析模型。这种模型有助于认识管理问题的构成，排除可能妨碍决策的次要因素，从而有助于集中注意力解决主要的问题。 2. More Nominalization Compared with general English, noun phrases are more frequently used in EST. This is because scientific literature contains more abstract concepts such as definitions, principles, laws, conclusion, etc.. As the semantic meaning of a noun phrase that consists of several words is usually complicated, the translation should go beyond the surface structure. Television is the transmission and reception of images of moving objects by radio waves. 电视通过无线电波发射和接受各种活动物体的图像。 All substances will permit the passage of some electric current, provided the potential difference is high enough. 只要有足够的电位差，电流便可以通过任何物体。 3. Extensive Use of the Passive Voice In order to achieve objectivity, passive voice is extensively used in EST, as shown in the following illustration. General English: People get natural rubber from rubber trees as a white, milky liquid, which is called latex[le?teks] n. 乳胶；乳液They mix it with acid, and dry it, and then they send it to countries all over the world. Chinese version: 人们从橡胶树中获得天然橡胶。这是一种叫做“乳胶”的白色乳状液体。人们先将橡胶与酸混合在一起，将其烘干，然后再运往世界各国。 Scientific English: Natural rubber is obtained from rubber trees as a white, milky liquid known as latex. This is treated with acid and dried, before being dispatched to countries all over the world. Chinese version: 天然橡胶取自橡胶树--- 一种叫做“乳胶”的白色乳状液体。再运往世界各国之前，橡胶要经过酸处理和烘干。 4. M