应用光学5.1-5.5.pptVIP

The size of all the components are determined by the positions and the diameters of the imaging rays, while they are limited reversely by the sizes of all the components. In this chapter, different ways of selecting image rays in different optical systems will be discussed. 5.1 stop (光阑) and its application Question: If a person goes into a cinema, maybe he can not see clearly in a short time, only after a while can be gradually see clearly. Why ? And what is the reason for that he will feel discomfortably when he walks out the cinema in the daytime? The structure of a camera is similar to the human eye. In fig.5.1. The camera lens acts as the imaging component. It forms an inverted image on the film K, which acts as the retina (水晶体) of the human eye. There is a circular aperture MN behind the lens, which acts as the iris (虹膜) of the eye to limit the rays’ diameter. This is called stop（光阑） The stop of the camera can be changeable to adjust the amount of the entering light energy. When the outer scenery is bright, the diameter of the stop can be reduced. Whereas it can increase then the outer scenery is dim. In this way, the amount of the light falling on the image plane can be kept relatively balanceable. Such stop is called variable stop(可变光阑) The field of the system is limited by the film frame AB. Rays exceeding the range of the frame will be obstructed (遮挡) and the film can not be sensitized (感光). Such stop is called the field stop (视场光阑) the field stop only limits the marginal light beam, and it has no such effct on the axial beam Vignetting (渐晕) Fig.5.2 shows that the width or diameter of the oblique beam is smaller than that of the axial beam.This will cause a reduction in the illumination at the edge of the image plane. This effect is called vignetting. Assume that the diameter of the axial beam is D, the oblique beam with a field angle ωhas a diameter of Dωin meridional plane(子午截面)( which is determined by the chief ray and the axis), then the rati