大学生物课程翻译.docVIP

1. The gecko is a reptile with an amazing ability to climb smooth surfaces, including glass. Recent discoveries indicate that geckos stick to smooth surfaces via van der Waals interactions between septae on their feet and the smooth surface.How is this method of stickiness advantageous over covalent interactions? Given that van der Waals forces are among the weakest molecular interactions, how can the gecko’s feet stick so effectively? 1、壁虎是一种具有了不起的攀爬能力的爬行动物，即使是光滑的表面,包括玻璃。最近的发现表明,壁虎坚持光滑的表面通过范德瓦耳斯相互作用其间有脚和光滑表面之间。这种方法的粘性有利于共价相互作用吗?鉴于范德瓦尔斯力最弱的分子相互作用,如何壁虎的脚贴这么有效? 2. The K channel is an example of a transmembrane protein (a protein that spans the phospholipid bilayer of the plasma membrane). What types of amino acids are likely to be found (a) lining the channel through which K
passes;(b) in contact with the phospholipid bilayer containing fatty acid; (c) in the cytosolic domain of the protein; and (d) in the extracellular domain of the protein? 2、钾通道是一个横跨膜的蛋白质(蛋白质的跨膜磷脂双分子层的等离子体)。什么类型的氨基酸可能会发现K传递的渠道与磷脂双分子层含有脂肪酸的细胞质域蛋白在细胞外蛋白质域有衬套? 3. V-M-Y-Y-E-N: This is the single-letter amino acid abbreviation for a peptide. Draw the structure of this peptide. What is the net charge of this peptide at pH 7.0? An enzyme called a protein tyrosine kinase can attach phosphates to the hydroxyl groups of tyrosine. What is the net charge of the peptide at pH 7.0 after it has been phosphorylated by a tyrosine kinase? What is the likely source of phosphate utilized by the kinase for this reaction? 3、V-M-Y-Y-E-N:这是单肽氨基酸缩写。画出这个肽的结构。这种肽的净电荷是在pH值7.0 吗?一个称为蛋白质酪氨酸激酶的酶可以将磷酸盐附加到酪氨酸的羟基。肽的净电荷在pH值7.0由酪氨酸激酶磷酸化后?什么是可能的磷酸源利用的激酶反应? 4. Disulfide bonds help to stabilize the three-dimensional structure of proteins. What amino acids are involved in the formation of disulfide bonds? Does the formation of a disulfide bond increase or decrease entropy (S)? 4、二硫键有助于稳定蛋白质的三维结构。包含哪些氨基酸的形成二硫键?二硫键的形成是增加还是减少了熵(S)? 5. In the 1960s, the drug thalidomide was prescribed to pregnant women to treat morning sickness. However, t