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现在分词和过去分词的用法区别
现在分词和过去分词的用法区别
(一)分词的作用
·现在分词可用于:
·①构成进行时。e.g. We are studying English.
·②当副词作状语。e.g. The children came, singing and dancing.
·③当形容词作定语、宾补和表语。 ·e.g. Falling leaves danced in the air. ·I saw many birds flying along the river. ·The story is very moving.
??·过去分词可用于:
·①构成完成时。 e.g. The play had begun when we arrived there.
·②构成被动语态。e.g. English is widely spoken in the world.
·③当副词作状语。e.g. Seen here, the city looks more beautiful.
·④当形容词作定语、宾补和表语。 ·e.g. a boy named Tom ·I saw the girl killed with my own eyes. ·I’m interested in English.
(二)现在分词与过去分词的两大差别
1.在语态上:现在分词表主动,过去分词表被动。
2.在时态上:现在分词表进行,过去分词表完成。
(三)确定分词的使用的具体步骤
(1)根据句子结构确定分词的语法成分
(2)找准逻辑主语
(3)判断主、被动关系
(4)选定现在或过去分词
1. There was a terrible noise ____ the sudden burst of light.
A. followed?? B. following?? C. to be followed?? D. being followed
2. The Olympic Games, ____ in 776 B. C., didn’t include women until 1912.
A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be playing
3. What’s the language ____ in Germany A. speaking B. spoken C. be spoken D. to speak
4. Most of the people ____ to the party were famous scientists.
A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. inviting
5. The first textbooks ____ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.
A. having written? B. to be written?? C. being written?? D. written
(四)分词作表语
共同点:分词作表语时,它起着形容词的作用。 不同点:分词作表语时,句子的主语就是该分词的逻辑主语。但现在分词作表语时,与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系,所表示的动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生;而过去分词则表示被动关系,所示动作一般发生在谓语动词之前或同时发生。
1. The news sounds ____. A. encouraging?? B. encouraged?? C. encourage?? D. to encourage
2. —How did Bob do in the exams this time?
—Well, his father seems ____ with his results. A. pleasing B. please C. pleased D. to please
3. —How did the audience receive the new play?
—They got very ____. A . excite B . excited C . excitedly D . exciting
(五)分词作宾语补足语
共同点:分词在复合宾语中可作宾语补足语,对句子的宾语起补充或说明作用。
不同点:分词作宾语补足语时,句子的宾语就是该分词的逻辑主语。但现在分词与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系,所表示的动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生;而过去分词则表示被动关系,所示动作一般发生在谓语动词之前或同时发生。
1. The next morning she fo
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