BehaviorofVariousMachineLearningModelsintheFaceof.doc

Behavior of Various Machine Learning Models in the Face of Noisy Data Michael D. Blechner, M.D. MIT HST.951 Final project Fall 2005 Abstract Although a great deal of attention has been focused on the future potential for molecular-based cancer diagnosis, histologic examination of tissue specimens remains the mainstay of diagnosis. The process of histologic diagnosis entails the identification of visual features from a slide, followed by the recognition of a feature pattern to which the case belongs. The combination of image analysis and machine learning imitates this process and in certain circumstances may be able to aid the pathologist. However, there is a great deal of variability and noise inherent in such an approach. Therefore, a classification model developed from data at one institution is likely to perform acceptably at other institutions, only if the model can handle such variability. This paper compares the performance of machine learning models based on fuzzy rules (FR), fuzzy decision trees (FDT), artificial neural networks (aNN) and logistic regression (LR) and examines how these models behave in the face of noisy and variant data. Results suggest that FDT models may be more resistant to data noise. Background Although a great deal of attention has been focused on the future potential of molecular-based cancer identification, histologic examination of tissue specimens remains the mainstay of diagnosis. The process of histologic diagnosis entails the identification of visual features from a slide, followed by the recognition of a feature pattern to which the case belongs. The pattern is associated with a high or low probability of cancer. For example a pathologist examining a breast biopsy may identify breast epithelial cells with large, irregular shaped nuclei, irregularly clumped chromatin, growing in poorly arranged sheets and showing invasion into the surrounding connective tissue with an associated fibrotic reaction. These findings compose a p