ch10 Formatted InputOutput.ppt

Chapter 10 - Formatted Input/Output 10.1 Introduction In this chapter Presentation of results scanf and printf Streams (input and output) gets, puts, getchar, putchar (in stdio.h) 10.2 Streams Streams Sequences of characters organized into lines Each line consists of zero or more characters and ends with newline character ANSI C must support lines of at least 254 characters Performs all input and output Can often be redirected Standard input – keyboard Standard output – screen Standard error – screen More Chapter 11 10.3 Formatting Output with printf printf Precise output formatting Conversion specifications: flags, field widths, precisions, etc. Can perform rounding, aligning columns, right/left justification, inserting literal characters, exponential format, hexadecimal format, and fixed width and precision Format printf( format-control-string, other-arguments ); Format control string: describes output format Other-arguments: correspond to each conversion specification in format-control-string Each specification begins with a percent sign(%), ends with conversion specifier printf 库函数 格式化输出函数 printf(格式控制, 输出变量列表); 格式控制：用双引号括起来的字符串 格式说明 = % + 格式字符 将输出列表中的对应数据转换成指定格式输出 普通字符：除格式说明外的其他字符，原样输出 输出列表：需要输出的一些数据，可以是变量或表达式 例1： #include stdio.h void main( ) { int r = 50 ; float area = 3.5; printf(r = %d, area = %f, r, area); } /*输出结果：r = 50, area = 3.500000 */ 10.4 Printing Integers Integer Whole number (no decimal point): 25, 0, -9 Positive, negative, or zero Only minus sign prints by default (later we shall change this) 1. Print Program Output 10.5 Printing Floating-Point Numbers Floating Point Numbers Have a decimal point (33.5) Exponential notation (computers version of scientific notation) 150.3 is 1.503 x 102 in scientific 150.3 is 1.503E+02 in exponential (E stands for exponent) use e or E f – print floating point with at least one digit to left of decimal g (or G) - prints in f or e with no trailing zeros (1.2300 becomes 1.23) Use exponential