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game theory4 博弈论 英文
Introduction to Game Theory
Lecture 4
Review
Mixed strategy Nash equilibrium
review example
best response functions – graphs
Game
Elimination of strategies that are strictly dominated by mixed strategies
illustration
example
2
Preview
/ 32
Review MSNE Elimination By Mixing Summary
Strict vs. weak dominance
Elimination of weakly dominated strategies leads to:
strict Nash equilibria
but can eliminate nonstrict Nash
equilibria
That is why we only eliminate strictly dominated strategies
3
Review
Review MSNE Elimination By Mixing Summary
/ 32
Mixed strategy NE
need for making oneself unpredictable leads to mixing strategies
Mixed strategy: player chooses a probability distribution (p1,p2,..,pN) over her set of actions rather than a single action
If there is no NE without mixing, we will find at least one MSNE (Nash - proof)
If NE without mixing exists, we may find additional MSNE
4
Review
Review MSNE Elimination By Mixing Summary
/ 32
Review
Mixed strategy Nash equilibrium
review example
best response functions – graphs
Game
Elimination of strategies that are strictly dominated by mixed strategies
illustration
example
5
Preview
Review MSNE Elimination By Mixing Summary
/ 32
two NE: (B,B) and (S,S)
any MSNE?
P1 must be indifferent between B and S
(otherwise not mixing, playing pure strategy):
q*2+(1-q)*0 = q*0+(1-q)*1 = q=1/3
B S
P2 must be indifferent between B and S:
p*1+(1-p)*0 = p*0+(1-p)*2 = p=2/3
6
Mixed Strategy NE
2
1
B (q)
S (1-q)
B (p)
2,1
0,0
S (1-p)
0,0
1,2
Review MSNE Elimination By Mixing Summary
/ 32
If q1/3: S is better tha
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