M9 UNIT3 grammar.ppt

Grammar and Usage Revision Talk about some national flowers What are the symbols for the countries? If your school would choose a kind of flower as your school flower, what flower should you choose, why? Apposition Definition A word, group of words or clause that follows a noun or pronoun and means the same person or thing as the noun or pronoun does is called an apposition. E.g. The student, Wang Wei, was praised by our teacher yesterday. This is Mr. Wang, dean of our school. The news that the criminal was arrested was not true. Kinds of Appositions I. loose apposition It is often set off from the head word by a comma. II. close apposition The apposition and its head-word form a close relation, not separated by a comma. E.g. We love our country, the great People’s Republic of China. Do you know the famous critic Paul Jones? The position of the apposition An apposition is usually placed immediately after the head-word, but it may also be put elsewhere in the sentence, especially in the case of pronouns like all, both, each, myself, etc. E.g. An unusual present was given to him for his birthday, a book on ethics. Give them an apple each. They are all/both students. He finished it himself. Note Besides nouns and pronouns, adjectives, adverbs, predicate verbs, prepositional phrases, infinitive phrases, clauses, etc. May occasionally be followed by an apposition. She always speaks soslowly and clearly. He is taller, much taller than she is. To go shopping, to help her sister, to do some cleaning to do all this, she has to make the best of her time. Indicator as the apposition 有时为了明晰地表示非限制性同位关系, 我们会使用一些词语插入同位成分之间。 ?A) 表示等同关系的词语有: namely，that is，that is to say，in other words, or, etc. You should have consulted an ophthalmologist, that is an eye doctor. He studies linguistics, or the science of language.? B) 表示举例或列举的词语有： for example, for instance, e.g., such as, say, including, etc. They visited several cities, for example Rome and Athens.