Modern Instrumentation Final Project.ppt

Modern Instrumentation Final Project AM/FM Radio Zhou Brian AM Signal Processing Amplitude modulation (AM) is a technique used in electronic communication, most commonly for transmitting information via a radio carrier wave AM Modulation Include the original information of signal to a carrier wave Carrier wave first order component of signal AM signal Frequency range 500Khz-1.6MhZ AM Demodulation Extract the message from the AM wave – Rectification Ideal diode and capacitor to rectify AM signal and to extract the “envelop wave” Capacitor here is for discharging process and it has to be relatively large in order to discharge very slowly Half wave rectification/Full wave rectification(use diode – bridge to utilize both sides of the AC signal) Circuits Explanation BJT needs a low voltage power supply which is around 1.5 v(voltage across 2 diodes) Signal out of diode is the “envelop” but with a small amplitude(~50 mv, not enough fan-out to drive next stage) According to chip datasheet , connect control capacitance to get a larger gain Experimental Results Frequency Modulation (FM) What’s it all about? How does FM carry information? FM, as its name suggests, varies the frequency around a carrier wave i.e. a carrier wave is what you tune into on your radio at its carrier frequency The signal is put into the carrier wave during transmission (broadcasting) Carrier wave frequency range is between 80-110MHz (VHF) Some FUN! Xm is the signal This is the carrier wave. TRANSFORM!!! fD is the deviation from the carrier wave frequency (fc) What FM “Looks” Like How do you pull the signal out? One way is to use a Foster-Seeley discriminator This converts your FM signal into AM Part of a process called “slope detection” which converts amplitude changes to sound HOWEVER, pulling a signal out this way does not reduce noise (compared to the AM receiver) Super Regenerative Detector In this type of FM detection, there are two types of oscillations at work through a regenerati