unit6 View Design and View Integration.ppt

2002/1/3 Unit 6 View Design and View Integration 本單元目的 What is view? View 指某一使用者或一群使用者所看到的資料庫內容或應用程式的資料需求. View design 抓住各使用者的需求物件, 把這些物件用 ER model 表現出整個系統的 conceptual schema. View integration 把數個 conceptual schema 整合為一個 global conceptual schema, 以代表整個應用系統的需求. Outline View Design From Natural Language Requirements View Design Starting From Forms View Integration in the Large Conflict Analysis and Resolution Merging of Views View Design From Natural Language Requirements Step 1 Requirement analysis Step 2 Initial design Step 3 Schema design View Design From Natural Language Requirements Step 1. Requirement analysis 1.1. Analyze requirements and filter ambiguities 搞清楚敘述內容, 找出不明確的用語, 重新定義 1.2. Partition sentences into homogeneous sets 把敘述同一概念的句子放在同一組 Step 2. Initial design 2.1. Build a global skeleton schema 根據已分群的句子, 畫出 schema 初步架構, 原則上一群句子 描述一個 entity. Step 3. Schema design 對每個 concept, 反覆使用 Top-down primitives or bottom-up primitives or inside-out primitives 直到需求一一表達在 concept schema 之內. An example of natural language description of requirement View Design Starting From Forms Step 1: Requirements analysis 1.1 Distinguish extensional, intensional and descriptive parts of the form 找出表格中的各部分 1.2 Select areas and subareas 選出表格中相關資料群 一張表格可分成四個部分 簽名認證部分 使用者填入內容 extension part 欄位名稱 intension part 說明指示部分 descriptive part View Design Starting From Forms Step 2: Initial design 2.1 Build a global skeleton schema 建立初步架構圖 Step 3: Schema design for each area 3.1 Build the area schema 3.2 Merge the area schema View Integration 把數個 conceptual schema 整合為一個 global conceptual schema, 以代表整個應用系統的需求. 常用在大型資訊系統或分散式資料庫 整合時發生同樣觀念不同表示法或是同一事件但解釋不同的現象稱為衝突 conflict. 整合時必須先把衝突的概念一一列出, 將互相衝突的概念一致化, 再行整合. 大型系統整合時, 同時整合數個 schema 或是 一次加入一個 schema Conflicts Conflicts Approach to View Integration The most general approach to view integration The suggested sequence of view-integration activities Example of integrating two schemas Scientist schema Schema 1 Example