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Petroleum Chemistry Food Pharmacy Metallurgy Assign variables necessary and sufficient to describe arbitrary position of the object Draw a free-body diagram of each component. Indicate all forces acting on each body and their reference direction Apply Newton’s law in translation and/or rotation form. Combine equations to eliminate internal variables Assign variables necessary and sufficient to describe the action of the system Apply relative equations/law to find the relations of variable. Normally, is to build the ordinary differential equations. Take Laplace transform to get algebra equations. Combine the equations to eliminate internal variables. * Something about Learning and Study 教学 关键是学！！！ Something about Learning and Study 教师 教学目标 学习成果 学生 反馈过程 Something about Learning and Study 学习 关键是习！！！ 学问 不问得不到！！！ 学习的过程 创 问 思 习 读 看 听 学 2.4 Heat and Fluid-Flow Models In the process control, Heater Exchangers and temperature regulating are met frequently What is process? 2.4.1 Heat flow where q=heat energy flow, joules per second (J/sec) R=thermal resistance , ℃/J.sec) T=temperature, ℃ Ohm’ law Heat energy flows through substances at a rate proportional to the temperature difference across the substance T1 T2 q 2.4.1 Heat flow where The net heat-energy flow into a substance affects the temperature of the substance according to the relation C=thermal capacity This is from the definition of specific heat capacity 2.4.1 Heat flow If there are several heat-energy flows into or out a substance C q1，R1 q2，R2 q3，R3 or Large or less than 0 Large or less than 0 Large or less than 0 Example 2.12 Equations for Heat flow where A room with all but two side insulated is shown below CI=thermal capacity of air within the room TI=temperature inside TO=temperature outside R1=thermal resistance of the room wall R2=thermal resistance of the room ceiling 热阻的串并联计算方法和电阻串并联