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OB 名词解释 Organizational behavior 组织行为学 A field of study that investigates the impact that individuals,Groups,and structures have on behavior within organizations,for the purpose of applying such knowledge toward improving an organizations effectiveness. 是一种研究领域，它探讨个体、群体以及结构对组织内部行为的影响，目的是应用这些只是改善组织绩效。 Organization citizenship behavior OCB：组织公民行为 Discretionary behavior that is not part of an employee’s formal job requirements but that nevertheress promotes the effective functioning of the organization. 组织公民行为是一种由员工自由决定的行为，它不包括在员工的正式工作要求当中，但这种行为无疑会促进组织的有效运作和作用。 Job satisfaction 员工满意度 A positive feeling about one’s job resulting from an evaluation of its characteristics. 翻译：由于对工作特点进行评估而产生的对工作的积极感觉。 fundamental attribution error 基本归因错误 The tendency to underestimate the influence of external factors and overestimate the influence of internal fabtors when making judgments about the behavior of others. 在评价他人的行为时有充分的证据支持，但是我们总是倾向于低估外部因素的影响，而高估内部或者个人因素的影响。 Self-serving bias 自我服务偏见 The tendency for individuals to attribute their own success to internal factors while putting the blame for failures on external factors. 个人倾向把成功归因于内部因素而把失败归因于外部因素。 Management by objectives MBO目标管理 A program that encompassess specific goals, participatively set, for an explicit time period, with feedback on goal progress. Cognitive dissonance 认知失调 Any incompatibility between two or more attitudes or between behavior and attitudes. 两种或多种态度的不一致或者行为和态度之间的不一致。 afffective events theory（情感事件理论） A model that suggesests that workplace events cause emotional reactions on the part of employees, which then influence workplace attitudes and behavious. 翻译：情感事件理论是一个表明由工作场所事件引起员工情绪反应，进一步影响员工的工作态度和行为的模型. Situational leadership theory（情境领导理论） A contingency theory that focuses on followers readiness；the more ready the followers(the more willing and able) the less the need for leader support and supervision. 翻译：情境领导理论是一个突出被领导者意愿的理论，被领导者准备越多，（越多的意愿和能力）对领导者的支持和监督的需要就越少。 Bureaucracy（官僚） A structure with highly routin