第8章购买性支出.pptVIP

公共经济学 8 购买性支出 引例 我恍然大悟，想起经济学家兰斯博格（S. Landsburg）。兰斯博格曾经以经济学教授的身份，给逐渐长大的女儿写过十多条生活忠告，比如怎样侃价等等，而其中一条格外重要：“千万不要在你没兴趣的领域追求成功，因为你得跟那些真有兴趣的人竞争。没有兴趣，你怎么斗得过人家？” 而我们则相反。中国人的教育原则，是千万要在自己没有兴趣的领域顶住，因为你很可能是在跟同样没兴趣的人竞争，所以坚持就是胜利。而所谓的胜利，就是被选拔，没别的意思。 要知道，一个人这么想这么做，没什么大不了；一代人这么想这么做，也没什么大不了；但整个社会一代接一代，源远流长的教育传统和用人机制，始终都是这么设想和实施的话，那就很不得了了。中美乃至东西方的教育差异，很重要的一点，就在于它是要选拔人还是培养人，在于学者是有兴趣还是没兴趣。 ——薛兆丰的网站“制度主义时代” 公立学校好，还是私立学校好？ 怎样比较公立学校和私立学校的教学质量？ 进行理论分析 进行实证检验 测试两组学生，得分高的组较优 （基础、学习习惯、家庭条件……） 抽取其他方面一样的两组学生测试 （不太容易找到） 多元回归：虚拟变量法 多元回归：分组回归法 The Quality and Efficiency of Private and Public Education:  A Case-Study of Urban India (Geeta Gandhi Kingdon, 1996) An important aspect of the debate on the quality of schooling is the private versus public provision of education. Various reasons for private schools’ superior efficiency. parents pay their fees competition among providers decentralised management By contrast, ‘X-efficiency’ factors can result in poor management and staff motivation in state schools. Two broad methodological approaches One is where a single achievement function is fitted for both school types and a private school dummy is used as a regressor. The coefficient on the private school dummy is interpreted as a measure of the standardised achievement advantage of private schools over the public schools. The second, more satisfactory, approach is where two separate achievement production functions are fitted. three different school-types government (G) private aided (PA) PA schools are those which, though nominally privately managed, are almost entirely funded by the state government and are heavily regulated. private unaided (PUA) The data for this study were drawn from a purpose-designed stratified random sample survey of schools in urban Lucknow district of UP. Data were collected from 928 students of class 8 (13 to 14 year olds) in 30 schools across the different school sectors. Results