探伤方法、探伤标准及适用范围介绍new.pptVIP

无损检测方法概述NDT METHOD INTRODUCE 常规4大方法 Four general NDT methods 1、超声波检测（UT）（内部缺陷） Ultrasonic Test (UT) (detecting internal defect) 2、射线检测（RT） （内部缺陷） Radiographic Test (RT) (detecting internal defect) 3、渗透检测（PT) （表面开口型缺陷） Penetration Test (PT) (detecting surface opening defect) 4、磁粉检测（MT) (表面和近表面缺陷） Magnetic Test (MT)(detecting surface and near surface defect) 超声波探伤的基本原理 Theory of Ultrasonic Test 超声波探伤是利用超声能透入金属材料的深处，并由一界面进入另一界面时，在界面边缘发生反射的特点来检查零件缺陷的一种方法，当超声波束自零件表面由探头通至金属内部，遇到缺陷与零件底面时就分别发生反射波来，在荧光屏上形成脉冲波形，根据这些脉冲波形来判断缺陷位置和大小。 When Ultrasonic wave energy enter the metal ,it will occur echo at the different medium surface(such as defect surface),and we observe the pulse echo from the UT equipment screen UT方法特征Character of UT UT主要检测内部缺陷：UT main inspection internal defect 1.UT对薄板适用性差，尤其厚度小于8mm It is difficult to find thin thickness plate defect by UT,especialy the plate thickness is less than 8mm. 2.对奥氏体不锈钢适用性差，晶粒粗大,杂波多，衰减大 It is difficult to find the austenitic steel defect,because the austenitic steel crystal is crassitude,and it will appear big grass echo. At the same time the sound wave energy will rapidly reduce. 3.UT检测时，放置探头的一面存在盲区，盲区范围根据探头角度、晶片尺寸、频率等确定 It will have dead zone near the probe putting surface.The dead zone size is different according to the probe angle,crystal size and frequency 4.超声波检测能测出缺陷的长度和深度，但对缺陷定性比较困难 It can measure length and depth of defect by UT,but it is difficult to judge the nature of the indication. 5.对粗糙、形状不规则、小、薄或非均质材料难以检查 It is difficult to inspect the un-regular, rough,small or thin production 磁粉探伤的基本原理 Theory of Magnetic Test 磁粉探伤是对铁磁性材料或零件经外加磁场磁化后，由于金属是连续均匀的，故磁力线的分布是均匀的。当零件表面或近表面有缺陷存在时．磁力线的密度发出变化。磁力线突变，而磁力线暴露在空气中，形成漏磁场，利用带有导磁性材料的磁粉施加在零件磁化区表面，使漏磁场吸附磁粉，称为磁痕显示，用肉眼观察有无缺陷 The magnetic line is well-proportioned when we magnetize the non defect ferromagnetism material .The magnetic line will change when the surface or near surface has defect,and we can use ma