英语中的宾语.docVIP

语法复习：宾语 ★ 英语中的形式宾语 在英语中，为了平衡句子结构或避免句子结构的混乱，常用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语后置。 　　一、当谓语动词为think, make, find, consider, feel, hear等，后接复合宾语[宾语+宾语补足语]时, 常用“主语+谓语动词 think等 +it+宾语补足语+不定式结构/V-ing分词/that从句”。如： 　We think it our duty to study and work hard for our great motherland. We thought it no good telling him about that. We found it useless trying to persuade him to go with us. We think it highly probable that he will come tomorrow. 我们认为他明天来是非常可能的。 　　注意：如果不是that从句，而是wh从句，则不用形式宾语。如： 　　We consider what he said very important. 我们认为他所说的非常重要。 　　二、某些表示“喜怒哀乐”的动词如like, enjoy, love, dislike, hate, appreciate等，往往不直接接从句，特别是that引导的宾语从句。若接宾语从句，从句前须跟一个形式宾语it。如： 　　I hate it when people speak with their mouths full of food. 我讨厌人们满口食物讲话。 　　由于that从句一般不能直作做介词的宾语, 所以介词后若接that引导的宾语从句，则须先接一个形式宾语it而后才接真正的宾语。如： Before we leave, we must see to it that everything is ready. You may depend on it that I shall help you. 你可以依靠我来帮你。 　　三、“动词+介词”所构成的固定词组如果跟宾语从句必须先跟it 形式宾语，it须置于动词和介词之间，此类词组常见的有：leave it to 由……决定/判断 ，owe it to somebody（归功于/多亏 ，take it for granted 想当然/认为……是真的 ，have/bear/keep it in mind 记住 。如： I will leave it to your own judgment whether you should do it. We owed it to you that there was not a serious accident.　 We must have/bear/keep it in mind that nothing is too difficult if we put our heart into it. Once people took it for granted that the earth was flat. 以前人们想当然地认为地球是平的。 ★ 宾语补足语用法：宾语补足语是英语教学的难点，也是高考的热点，更是书面表达中必须具备的一种句型结构。 I. 使役动词后宾语补足语的用法 　　中学教学中最常见的使役动词有：make, have, leave。 他们都表示“使得……”，后面都可接宾语+宾语补足语的结构，但用法上有所不同。 　　一、 make用作使役动词表示 “使；使成为” 时，可跟复合结构，即“make+宾语+宾语补足语”，其中的宾语补足语可以是形容词或名词、不带to的不定式、过去分词。 1.我们推选他作我们足球队队长。 We made him captain of our football team. 2.我们队赢了的消息使我们大家非常高兴。 The news that our team had won made us very happy. 3.大雨使得我们无法出去。 The heavy rain made it impossible for us to go out. 4. 奇怪的声音使我们感到恐惧。 　The strange noise made us frightened. 5. 这个男孩被迫每天干十二个小时的活。 The boy was made to work twelve hours a day. 　　二、have 表示“使得……”,其后接宾语补足语, 常用以下句型： have sb do sth 使得某人做某事 　have sb doing s