材料基础修改版.docVIP

材料基础修改版 Materials Science (材料科学)：involves investigating the relationships that exist between the structures and properties of materials (研究结构与性能之间的关系) Materials Engineering（材料工程）:designing or engineering the structure of a material to produce a predetermined set of properties, based on these structure-property correlations.(设计材料结构以产生预定的性能) Structure (结构)：relates to the arrangement of its internal components （内部成分的组织排列） Property (性能)：a material trait in terms of the kind and magnitude of response to a specific imposed stimulus. (一种材料对外界刺激反应的类型和程度) The different properties between same classification of materials are caused by their Crystal Structure（同种类型材料之间的不同特性是由晶体机构不同引起的） The properties of materials are related to their composition (成分)、 crystal structures (晶体结构) and the processing (加工).（材料的性能与成分，晶体结构，加工方法有关） 加工工艺，结构，性能，四者的关系 With regard to the relationships of these four components, the structure of materials will depend on how it is processed. Furthermore, a materials performance will be a function of its properties. Thus, the interrelationship between processing, structure, properties and performance is liear, as depicted in the schematic illustration shown in processing→structure→properties→performances. property Category(性能的分类）：mechanical (机械性), eletrcical（电性）, thermal（热性）, magnetic（磁性）, optical（光学性）, and deteriorative（失效性） Mechanical Properties（机械性能）：relate deformation to an applied load or force; examples include elastic modulus and strength. Electrical Properties(电性能)：the stimulus is an electric field, such as electrical conductivity (电导率) and dielectric constant (介电常数). Thermal Properties（热性）：The thermal behavior of solids can be represented in terms of heat capacity (热容) and thermal conductivity (导热系数). Magnetic Properties（磁性）：Demonstrate the response of a material to the application of a magnetic field. Optical Properties（光学性）：The stimulus is electromagnetic or light radiation; index of refraction (折射) and reflectivity (反射) are representative optical