Pair10-100Mbps100m.pptVIP

CS/ECE 338 UIUC - CS/ECE438, Fall 2006 Direct Link Networks Direct Link Networks Two hosts connected directly No issues of contention, routing, … Key points: Physical Connections Encoding and Modulation Framing Error Detection Internet Protocols Outline Hardware building blocks Encoding Framing Hardware Building Blocks Nodes Hosts: general purpose computers Switches: typically special purpose hardware Routers: varied Links Copper wire with electronic signaling Glass fiber with optical signaling Wireless with electromagnetic radio, infrared, microwave, signaling Links - Copper Copper-based Media Category 5 Twisted Pair 10-100Mbps 100m ThinNet Coaxial Cable 10-100Mbps 200m ThickNet Coaxial Cable 10-100Mbps 500m Links - Optical Optical Media Multimode Fiber 100Mbps 2km Single Mode Fiber 100-2400Mbps 40km Links - Optical Single mode Lower attenuation longer distances Lower dispersion higher data rates Multimode fiber Cheap to drive LED’s vs. lasers for single mode Easier to terminate Links - Optical Advantages of optical communication Higher bandwidths Superior attenuation properties Immune from electromagnetic interference No crosstalk between fibers Thin, lightweight, and cheap the fiber, not the optical-electrical interfaces Leased Lines POTS 64Kbps ISDN 128Kbps ADSL 1.5-8Mbps/16-640Kbps Cable Modem 0.5-2Mbps DS1/T1 1.544Mbps DS3/T3 44.736Mbps STS-1 51.840Mbps STS-3 155.250Mbps ATM STS-12 622.080Mbps ATM Wireless Cellular AMPS 13Kbps 3km PCS, GSM 300Kbps 3km 3G 2-3Mbps 3km Wireless Local Area Networks WLAN Infrared 4Mbps 10m 900Mhz 2Mbps 150m 2.4GHz 2Mbps 150m 2.4GHz 11Mbps 80m Bluetooth 700Kbps 10m Satellites Geosynchronous satellite 600-1000 Mbps continent Low Earth orbit LEO ~400 Mbps world Encoding Problems with signal transmission Attenuation: Signal power absorbed by medium Dispersion: A discrete signal spreads in space Noise: Random background “signals” Encoding Goal: Understand how to connect nodes in such