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摘 要 本设计主要是针对年处理量290万吨吉拉索原油的常压设计。 众所周知，原油常压蒸馏在炼厂具有举足轻重的地位。作为原油一次加工工艺，它在原油加工流过程中占有很重要作用。其运行的好坏会直接影响到后续的加工过程。其中重要的分离设备——常压塔的设计，是能否获得高收率、高质量油的关键。近年来常减压蒸馏技术和管理经验不断创新，装置节能消耗显着，产品质量显著提高。 本人的设计的基本方案是：常压塔采取2条侧线，常压塔塔顶生产石脑油，2个侧线分别生产喷气式燃料、柴油。 原油在这样的蒸馏装置下，可以得到350—370℃以前的几个馏分，可以用作石脑油、汽油、喷气式燃料、柴油产品，也可分别作为重整化工（如轻油裂解）等装置的原料。塔底渣油可作钢铁或其它工业的燃料。在某些特定的情况下也可以作催化裂化或加氢装置的原料。本次设计共设25块浮阀塔板。 关键词：原油；常压蒸馏；塔 Sssscc ddd eee Xdd ssd sdd Ss sss ss Sas dd Sdd dddddddddddd Abstract The article is designed to process Girassol crude oil for about 2.90 million tons each year under normal prssure. As is known,the atmospheric distillation of crude oil plays an important roal in refinery .As the first processing technology, it occupies an important role in crude oil total process,Its operation has a direct influence on the subsequent process. One important separation equipment- the design of the atmospheric tower, is the key to get high quality production .In recent years, with the continuous innovation of technology and management experience , energy consumption reduces significantly and the quality improves sharply. The basic design scheme is: atmospheric tower has three lateral-line,the top of the atmospheric tower produceses naphtha, three lateral-line respectively produce the production of diesel and jet fuel. In such a distillation unit, we can get 350-370 ℃ of several former fractions, and they can be used as naphtha, jet fuel, diesel oil products, they can also be raw material of light oil cracting. The heavy oil of the bottom can be used as steel or other industrial fuel. In some specific circumstances,it can also be the raw material of catalytic cracking or hydrogenation .25 block floating valve trays are used in this design. Key words: Crude oil; Atmospheric distillation; Tower 第1章 产品的方案及工艺流程 1.1产品方案 确定原油的加工方案，是炼厂设计和生产的首要任务。炼厂根据所加工原油的性质、市场需求和加工技术的先进性及可靠性，还有经济效益等方面的综合考虑，进