语篇与译者.pptVIP

Contrasts Between Language Systems Structuralist theories of language were, influential in translation theory and there were some serious attempts to apply structuralist notions to translation problem. (语言的结构理论在翻译理论里具有很大的影响， 有些学者曾认真地试图将结构主义观点应用于解决翻译问题。) Catford(1965), for example, attempts to build a theory of translation on the current state ‘linguistic science’. Yet much of the discussion is between language systems rather than about communication a cross cultural barriers and about individual, de-contextualised sentences instead of real texts. （譬如，卡特福德将翻译理论建立于当时流行的“语言科学”。可是这种探讨的大多内容是关于各种语言系统之间的结构对比，而不是关于跨文化障碍的交际，或仅讨论那些没有语境的单个句子，而不是真正的语篇。） Thus translation theory becomes a branch of contrastive linguistics, and translation problems become a matter of the non-correspondence of certain formal categories in different languages. （因此，翻译理论成了对比语言学的一个分支，翻译中存在的诸种难题成了在各不同语言中某些形式范畴非对应的问题。） Catford Catford put forward the assumption of ‘formal correspondence’（形式对应）： A formal correspondent is any TL category which may be said to occupy, as nearly as possible, the ‘same’ place in the economy of the TL as the given SL category occupies in the SL. （一种形式上的对应，就是这样一种目标语范畴：它可以被认为如同源语的某一范畴在源语中所占据的位置一样，在目标语的系统中占据尽可能接 近的“同样”位置。） The assumption that ‘formal correspondence’ thus defined is of relevance to translation studies leads naturally to an investigation of ‘equivalence probability’---attempt to arrive at a statistical calculation of the degree of probability that a given SL category will, in any given text, be rendered by an equivalent TL category. （如此界定的“形式对应”与翻译研究具有相关性，这种假设自然导致“对等概率”的探究，即试图对这样一种概率度做出数据上的估计：在任何语篇中，源语的某一个范畴将转换为目标语的一个对等范畴。） However, any such extrapolation can lead only to statements about language systems, not about the communicative factors surrounding the production ad reception of text. （ 然而，任何这种外推法只能走向对语言各系统的陈述，而不是对围绕语篇的产出和接受的诸种交际因素的陈述。） Jakobson A similar concern with contrasts between the mechanics of different languages underlies Jak