Crime and Punishment 6-7.pptVIP

Crime and Punishment（paragraph4-paragraph5） Crime and Punishment During a lifetime ,most Americans are involved in at least one court case,either criminal or civil in nature.The legal system is adversarial,pitting defendant(s) against accusor(s),while a judge and jury listen to evidence presented according to formal rules. 大多数美国人一生中至少会有一次卷入刑事或民事性质的官司中。法律系统是有对立性的：当法官和陪审团听取按正式程序呈上的证据时，便把被告和原告对立起来。 in nature实际上，性质上 pit...against...使...与...相对立（相争斗） Crime and Punishment Civil law accounts for the bulk of legal actions as individuals sue each other for financial compensation arising from accidental destruction of property,divorce and child custody,psychologicalpain and suffering,accidental physical injury,breach of contract,or discriminatory acts of a racial or sexual nature. 民事法律可以把大部分的法律行为解释为因经济补偿的个人相互起诉，经济补偿来自于意外破产、离婚、孩子监护权、心理上的“痛苦和折磨”、身体以外伤害、违反合同、或者是种族或性别的歧视这些方面。 the bulk of=most 大部分，大多数 arise from...起因于；由...而产生 Crime and Punishment Civil cases have included suing McDonalds for selling dangerously hot coffee,class action suits against makers of faulty breast implants,and claims for general reparations to contemporary African Americans who suffer post-slavery stress syndrome. 民事案件包括对麦当劳销售特别烫的热咖啡的诉讼，针对假冒的隆胸植入物生产者的集体诉讼，以及要求对遭受“奴隶制后遗症”的当代非裔美国人进行总体赔偿。 Crime and Punishment Most cases involve the minor irritations neighbors cause each other with too loud music,dogs that bite ,or too high fences. 大多数案件，是邻居之间的因为音乐放得太大声、被狗咬或围栏太高而产生的小矛盾。 Crime and Punishment Civil courts often award compensation above the actual loss in property or medical costs,including punitive financial damages against companies for negligence.For the most part,civil cases do not involve prison time-although failure to pay child support or follow court judgments can land the offender in jail. 民事法庭判决的赔偿经常高于实际的财产损失或医疗成本，也包括针对因对方的“疏忽”造成的惩罚性经济损失。尽管多数情况下，民事案件不需要服刑——但是未支付孩子的抚养费，法院是可以判决送罪犯进监狱。 Crime and Punishment Criminal cases are brought against those who are charged with committing a crime against indiv