SYNCHRONICVARIATIONSMAYBEACCOUNTEDFORBY.pptVIP

SYNCHRONIC VARIATIONS MAY BE ACCOUNTED FOR BY DIACHRONIC CHANGES Zhongde Zhao wife /wa?f/ house /ha?s/ seen /si?n/ spoon /spu?n/ break /bre?k/ broke /br??k/ name /ne?m/ The Great Vowel Shift Words ME MoE mice mi?s → ma?s mouse mu?s → ma?s geese ɡe?s → ɡi?s goose ɡo?s → ɡu?s break br??ken → bre?k broke br??ken → bro?k English German Danish Swedish house ha?s hu??s hu?s mouse ma?s mu??s mu?s louse la?s lu??s lu?s out a?t u??e u?t brown bra?n bru??n bru?n Fusional Assimilation(Coalescence) Latin Spanish English ɑidifikium edifisio edifice ɑikwalem egual equal kɑusa kosa objects pɑupere pobre poor foot pedal, pedestrian, peddler father pater, paternal foal pony fish fisherman pisciculture, piscator fowl poultry The First Consonant Shift Grimm’s Law voiceless stops /p t k/ voiceless fricatives /f θ x (h)/ voiced stops /b d ɡ/ voiceless stops /p t k/ voiced aspirated stops /bh dh ɡh/ voiced stops /b d ɡ/ Indo-European Germanic (English) bhrāter brother bhlē blow dheiɡh- dough dhwer- door ɡhed- get ɡhaido- goat abel- apple dwō two dekm ten ɡen?- kin ɡwen- queen pūr- fire pel- fell (animal hide) treyes three ters- thirst kerd- heart kel- hall, hell /m/: 每、梅、莓、霉、酶 /h/ : 海、悔、晦、诲 杨各庄、李格庄、马戈庄、赵哥庄 杨家庄、李家庄 “房” 厦门话 [p??]或[pa?] 福州话 [pu?] “陈” 厦门话 [tin] 福州话 [ti?] “奸” 上海话 [ke] 广州话、长沙话、南昌话 [kan] Chinese Korean Japanese 婦 fu pu pu 負 fu pu pu 分 f?n pun pu 罰 fa pol patu 閥 fa pol patu 伐 fa pol patu 佛 fo pul putu Chinese Korean Japanese 凡 fan pom pon 煩 fan pon pon 犯 fan pom pon 房 fa? pa? pou 肪 fa? pa? pou 防 fa? pa? pou 妨 fa? pa? pou 茯 fu pok pulu 普 [?u] 怖 [?u] 被 [hi] 彼 [hi] 裴 [hai] 捧 [hou] Thank you very much for your attention! * * *