Chap2+数据类型与表达式.ppt

gets(), puts() char *gets( char *buffer ); (‘\n’? ‘\0’) Get a line from the stdin stream. Remarks : The gets function reads a line from the standard input stream stdin and stores it in buffer. The line consists of all characters up to and including the first newline character (\n). gets then replaces the newline character with a null character (\0) before returning the line. In contrast, the fgets function retains the newline character. _ int puts() int puts( const char *string ); (‘\0’? ‘\n’) Write a string to stdout. Return Value Each of these returns a nonnegative value if successful. If puts fails it returns EOF. Parameter String: Output string Remarks The puts function writes string to the standard output stream stdout, replacing the string’s terminating null character (\0) with a newline character (\n) in the output stream. （ex: stringFunction.cpp） 输出函数printf()(P296) int printf( const char *format [, argument]... ); Return Value Each of these functions returns the number of characters printed, or a negative value if an error occurs. Parameters Format：Format control Argument ：Optional arguments Remarks The printf function formats and prints a series of characters and values to the standard output stream, stdout. If arguments follow the format string, the format string must contain specifications that determine the output format for the arguments. 格式控制串（format） 由格式字段、控制字符和其他提示信息组成。 格式字段：“%对齐和填补说明 宽度和精度说明 格式符” 数值数据输出格式符： P297 表10-1 宽度和精度： m . n m : 总宽度； n:精度 对齐和填补：“+ ”或省略：右对齐；此时可加左填补符号。 “- ”：左对齐； 控制字符： 控制字符用于控制设备。 如制表、换行等转义字符 提示信息：在格式字段和控制字符外的部分，按原样输出。 如：printf(“\n%20.10f : a1”,a1); 输入函数scanf() int scanf( const char *format [,argument]... ); Return Value scanf returns the number of fields successfully converted and assigned; the return value does not include fields that were read but not assigned. A return value of 0 indicates that no fields were assigned. The return value is EOF for an error or if the end-of-file character