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英语基础_Basic_English_Lecture_Week_5_Paraphrasing_Conversing_Gwyn.ppt
Week 5 Paraphrasing Conversing Discussing and Analysing Conversation PARAPHRASING To express what someone else has said or written using different words, especially in order to make it shorter or clearer. To help communicate meaning accurately and avoid translation into your native language. Steps for paraphrasing orally: Repeat orally the original text you want to paraphrase so that you ‘hear’ it and understand it. 2. Make changes to the original text by doing any of the following: - find synonyms for the words or expressions in the original text - find antonyms for the words or expressions in the original text - change word forms, e.g. adjectives to verbs change the word order 3. Communicate the meaning of the original text in your own words, using the changes you made. i.e. in other words, that is, that is to say , to clarify/paraphrase/restate this…to put this/it another way, more accurately, more precisely, in actual fact, in fact, in point of fact, to be more precise/exact, strictly speaking Example Speaker: I haven’t had much sleep this week. Paraphrase: In other words, the speaker is tired. Speaker: Bring me my mobile phone. Paraphrase: The speaker has requested for his/her mobile phone. CONVERSE A way to exchange information or share thoughts and feelings that bring you closer to others. To get things that you need. You may make a simple request or, if the need is very strong, make demands of other people. Conversational Pauses Uh…. I’m thinking. I need time. Um…. I’m thinking. I need time. Well…. I’m thinking. I need time. Mmm…. I don’t think I agree. Hmm…. That’s interesting. I didn’t expect that. Request vs. Demand Demands are usually louder than request. Demands sound stronger and less polite than requests. If the speaker doesn’t expect the listener to refuse but expects the listener to do what is being asked, it is a demand. If the speaker isn’t sure whether the listener will do what is being asked, it is a request. Situation 1 If you want
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