argumentativeessay.pptVIP

15-13 :内容--观点明确,切题;论证充分 组织– 结构符合逻辑,信息连贯 语言– 基本无语言错误 文体—文体非常得当 12—10 : 有观点, 切题; 有论证 结构合理, 信息连贯 少量不严重的语言错误 文体合适性尚可 9-7:基本切题,内容偶有不相关,不一致,或缺乏论证 结构尚可,有些地方思路不清晰 语言错误较多,且有些错误影响了意义表达 大部分地方文体合适性尚可 6-4: 有很多地方相关性差,前后不一致,缺乏论据 结构尚可,很多地方思路不清晰 比较多的,较严重的语言错误 几乎无文体合适行可言 3-0: 看不出观点, 不切题 无组织结构和连贯可言 几乎所有的句子有错误, 且多为严重性错误 无文体合适性可言 Argumentative essay Introduce the argumentation– exposition with the additional purpose of convincing or persuading The purpose of argumentation is to convince: ? to make the reader agree with the point of view and support it, ? to persuade the reader to change his or her mind or behavior, Organization of argumentation– I. two elements 1. The proposition– an arguable statement, or a point of discussion, debate, or public concern. The proposition should a. be debatable b. not be vague or contain vague words. Are these good propositions? Cars are the main cause of pollution. College courses have no relation to real life. Gasoline-powered cars are the main cause of air pollution. Required courses such as American history and health education are of no use to me as a computer science major. II. Proof– evidence to convince the reader to support the proposition Facts: Statistics Examples Personal experience or common knowledge References to or quotations from authorities III. Methods of paragraph organization and argumentative methods comparison/contrast, cause/effect, definition, classification, exemplification, ... IV. Conclusion Don’t present any new arguments in the conclusion. IV. Steps in writing the argumentative essay: Study the issues Decide which side to take and write the thesis statement to show the proposition Consider opposing viewpoints, and then qualify or refute accordingly Test our argument for fairness and effectiveness– avoid fallacies, vague words or expressions Samples: How to deal with the oppositions in the argumentative essays? Should school tighten administration on examination? Should schools tighten administration on examinat