Ch49(word).docVIP

Bio 103 Lake Tahoe Community College Winter Quarter Instructor: Sue Kloss __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Chapter 49 - Nervous System __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ I. Nervous system structure and function A. n.s. nervous system receives sensory input, interprets it, and sends out response 1. Nervous systems are the most intricate data processing systems on earth 2. 1 cc of brain contains several million neurons nerve cells and supporting cells 3. neurons are specialized for carrying signals from 1 location to another 4. 1 neuron can communicate with several thousand others forming communication networks 5. we can learn, remember, perceive, and move 6. ns - 3 interconnected functions 7. Most ns have 2 main divisions 8. a nerve is a cablelike bundle of neuron extensions 9. ganglia - clusters of neuron cell bodies in the nerves of the pns. 10. knee jerk reflex 11. 3 functional types of neurons 12. When knee is tapped 13. Quad muscle responds by contracting. B. Neurons are the functional units of nervous systems 1. Neurons vary widely in shape but share some common characteristics 2. Motor neuron, from spinal cord to skeletal muscles 3. cell body houses nucleus and most cytoplasmic organelles. 4. 2 types of fibers project from cell body 5. Lots of supporting cells in nervous system II. Nerve signals and their transmission A. Neurons maintain resting potential across membranes via ion pumps and channels 1. Resting neurons possess potential energy 2. potential energy is used to send signals across body, from one neuron to another 3. potential energy resides in electrical charge difference across neuron’s plasma membrane 4. cytoplasm inside membrane is negative, fluid outside membrane is positive 5. opposite charges tend