E21原子量子理论.ppt

2 Stimulated emission Before spontaneous emission, if the atom being its upper state is interacted by a photon, it will transit to its lower energy state and emits a photon.The emitted photon is identical to the stimulating photon in every aspect. It has the same energy, direction, phase, and polarization — stimulated emission 受激辐射. Characteristic: With outside influence, brightness is very high, realized optical magnifying. 受外界作用，亮度高，实现光放大 3 Population inversion 粒子数反转 Spontaneous emission play a leading role for common optical source.普通光源发光是自发辐射占主导地位。 Stimulated emission occupy the leading position for laser generator.激光器发光是受激辐射占主导地位。 When photon interacts with the atom, there are two kinds of process which are absorption and stimulated emission.当光子作用于原子时有两种过程即吸收和受激辐射. Absorption reduces the atoms number in lower state but stimulated emission increases the number of atoms in lower state.吸收使低能态原子减少,受激辐射使低能态原子数增多。 Two kinds of process go along at the same time.Which process will be in dominant depending on the numbers atoms in upper state N2 and lower state N1.两个过程同时进行，哪一过程占优势决定于高、低能态的原子数N2和N1。 If N1N2, absorption dominates N1N2 光吸收占优 If N1N2, optical magnifying dominates N1N2光放大占优 ?Population inversion 粒子数反转: From Boltzmann distribution, in general, N1N2 . To achieve optical magnifying, we must attempt to make N1N2. This distribution is called population inversion. 一般情况下N1N2.为实现光放大，就要设法使N1N2 . ?The conditions of population inversion realized 实现粒子数反转的条件 (1) To absorb energy from outside and make atoms being in upper state as many as possible (pumping) 必须从外界吸入能量，使尽量多的粒子处于激发态（泵浦）. (2) Active medium has proper energy structure.激活物质（工作物质）有适当的能级结构。 Chapter 22 The quantum theory of Atoms §1 The experimental law of atomic spectrum §2 Bohr’s model of the Atom §3 To explain Hydrogen Atom by Bohr’s Theory §7 The physical significance of the quantum number and their interrelations §4 Wave-particle dualism of matter