基于单片机的超声波测距系统-翻译.docVIP

外文文献资料 收集：苏州大学 应用技术学院 11电子班（学号1116405008）姜丹娜 Performance of an Ultrasonic Ranging Sensor in Apple Tree Canopies Abstract: Electronic canopy characterization is an important issue in tree crop management. Ultrasonic and optical sensors are the most used for this purpose. The objective of this work was to assess the performance of an ultrasonic sensor under laboratory and field conditions in order to provide reliable estimations of distance measurements to apple tree canopies. To this purpose, a methodology has been designed to analyze sensor performance in relation to foliage ranging and to interferences with adjacent sensors when working simultaneously. Results show that the average error in distance measurement using the ultrasonic sensor in laboratory conditions is ±0.53 cm. However, the increase of variability in field conditions reduces the accuracy of this kind of sensors when estimating distances to canopies. The average error in such situations is ±5.11 cm. When analyzing interferences of adjacent sensors 30 cm apart, the average error is ±17.46 cm. When sensors are separated 60 cm, the average error is ±9.29 cm. The ultrasonic sensor tested has been proven to be suitable to estimate distances to the canopy in field conditions when sensors are 60 cm apart or more and could, therefore, be used in a system to estimate structural canopy parameters in precision horticulture. Keywords: ultrasonic sensor; distance measurements; apple tree orchard; ultrasonic interferences Introduction Ultrasonic sensors have been used for many purposes in agriculture for more than 40 years. One of these applications has been the detection and ranging to extract geometric information from fruit tree canopies. The first developments in this area were related to the application of plant protection products such as pesticides and fungicides in fruit orchards. Once doses started to be adjusted according to the amount of vegetation to be treated [1,2], some researchers b