08细菌的结构Structure of Bacteria.pptVIP

Structure of Bacteria Part II Structure of bacter Shape of Bacteria Structure of Bacteria Basal Structure of Bacteria cell wall, membrane, cytoplasm, nucleoid Special Structure of Bacteria （capsule，flagella，pili，spore Key word : cell wall capsule flagella Spore pili Shapes of Bacteria Coccus Chain Streptoccus Cluster Staphylococcus Bacillus Coccobacillus Vibrio curved Spirillum Spirochete Square Star Average bacteria 0.5 - 2.0 um in diameter. Coccus:1μm Surface Area ~12 um^2 Volume is ~4 um Surface Area to Volume is 3:1 Chain Streptobacillus Basal Structure cell wall membrane cytoplasm:ribosome nucleoid Special Structure capsules flagella pilus Spores Basal Structure of bacteria cell wall cell membrane cytoplasm: ribosome nucleoid: chromosome cell wall: fall into two major categories: Gram + only Glycerol, Phosphates, Ribitol Attachment for Phages Special components of Gram negative cell wall outer membrane: Cell Membrane Bilayer Phospholipid Water can penetrate Flexible Not strong, ruptures easily Osmotic Pressure created by cytoplasm Cytoplasm 80% Water 20% Salts-Proteins Osmotic Shock important Ribosomes: numerous, 15-20nm in diameter with 70S; distributed throughout the cytoplasm; sensitive to streptomycin and erythromycin site of protein synthesis Plasmids: extra circular DNA Antibiotic Resistance Inclusions: sources of stored energy, e,g volutin No organelles Mitochondria, Golgi, etc. Flagella Motility - movement Swarming occurs with some bacteria Spread across Petri Dish Proteus species most evident Arrangement basis for classification Monotrichous; 1 flagella Lophotrichous; tuft at one end Amphitrichous; both ends Peritrichous; all around bacteria Pili Short protein appendages smaller than flagella Adhere bacteria to surfaces E. coli has numerous types K88, K99, F41, etc. Antibodies to will block adherance F-pilus; used in conjugation Exchange of genetic information Flotation; increase boyancy Pellicle scum on water More oxygen on s