《计算机与网络运用教案1,2章new.docVIP

计算机概述 Chapter 1 summary of computer 电子计算机是迄今为止人类历史上最伟大、最卓越的技术发明之一电子计算机的诞生，为信息的采集、存储、分类以及适合于各种需要的处理提供了极为有效的手段，使信息在现代生活中成为不可缺少的资源。Electronic computers are by far the greatest in human history, one of the most remarkable technological inventions. Electronic computer was born, for information collection, storage, classification, and is suitable for all kinds of processing provides an extremely effective way, make the information in the modern life become the indispensable resources. 计算机发展史 1.1 the history of computer 计算机的史前时代1.1.1 the prehistoric times of computer 公元5世纪，中国人发明了算盘，并一直沿用到今天。1943年，美国宾夕法尼亚大学研制ENIAC” (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator)电子计算机。从此，人类进入了一个全新的计算技术时代。The 5th century, the Chinese invented the abacus, and continues to this day. In 1943, the United States at the university of Pennsylvania, successfully developed ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator) Electronic computers. Since then, mankind has entered a new era of computing. 第一台现代电子计算机的诞生 1.1.2 the birth of the first modern electronic computer 1946年2月5日，是人类文明历史上的重要转折点。世界上第一台真正的现代电子数字计算机ENIAC研制成功了(参见图1-)。它用电子管代替继电器和其他半机械式装置，使运行速度一下子可以提高数千倍。ENIAC共用了18000多只电子管，耗电150 kW，占地170 m2。为了给这个庞然大物散热，专门为它配备了一台重约30t的冷却装置。ENIAC的计算速度比以前的计算工具有了显著的提高，每秒钟可作5000次加法。用当时最快的机电式计算机做10点弹道计算需要两小时，而ENIAC只用3秒就可以完成。On February 5, 1946, is an important turning point in the history of human civilization. The worlds first truly modern digital electronic computer ENIAC the successful development (see figure 1-3). It use tube instead of relay and other mechanical devices, making thousands of times running speed can improve at once. ENIAC used more than 18000 tube, power 18000 kW, covers an area of 170 m2. To give this huge heat dissipation, for it is equipped with a weighing about 30 t cooling device. ENIAC the computing speed of calculation tools has improved significantly than before, the additive can make 5000 times every second. Made 10 at the time the fastest electromechanical computing point trajecto