大学英语考试语法经重点测试的项目.docVIP

四级语法结构题解题思路及应试技巧 中国地质大学（武汉）外语系 许峰  大学英语四级考试的语法结构部分具有覆盖面广、重点突出、灵活多变等特点。因此，学生要想取得较好成绩，在必须拥有扎实的语法知识，掌握相当量的词汇的同时，熟悉一些相应的解题技巧，则如虎添翼。下面就语法结构试题介绍几种常见的行之有效的解题技巧。 1. 解题原则 在解语法结构题时，解题的基本原则是先从语法角度着手，运用各种语法规则来解题或缩小解题范围;只有在运用语法规则无法解决时,再考虑从语义的角度来解题。请看下列考题： 1. The match was canceled because most of the members a match without a standard court. A objected to having C were objected to have B objected to have D were objected to having 2. I appreciated the opportunity to study abroad two years ago. having been given C to have been given B having given D to have given 题1答案是A。本题测试object作动词的用法。object to为不及物动词词组，无被动态，C、D两项可首先排除；又to在此为介词，不是不定式符号，后接动名词，不能接动词不定式，B项也可排除；故A项为正确答案。 题2答案是A。appreciate后接动名词或名词，不接不定式，从语法角度上看，C、D可首先排除；又因opportunity是人家的，即被给的，从语义角度上，须用被动语态，B项也可排除；故A项为正确答案。  2. 解题顺序 在解语法题时，应当考虑解题顺序，先看四个选项，排除选项中本身存在错误的选项，使解题过程简化，从而提高解题速度和准确率。请看下列考题: 1. The goods when we arrived at the airport. were just unloading C had just unloaded were just being unloaded D were just been unloaded 2. I’m sure your suggestion will the problem. contribute to solving C be contributed to solve B contribute to solve D be contributed to solving 题1答案是B。D项的被动语态的构成形式是错误的，可首先排除。unload为及物动词，空缺处后无宾语，谓语动词须用被动语态，A、C两项可排除，故B项为正确答案。 题2答案是A。contribute to为不及物动词词组，不能有被动态，C、D两项可首先排除；又此处“to”为介词，不是不定式符号，后接动名词，而非不定式，B项也可排除；故A项为正确答案。  3. 注意关键信息词 在有些语法结构题中，一个词或一个词组提供的信息，可以是解题的关键。在做题时，要特别注意这样的关键信息词，可提高准确率。请看下列考题： 1. It wasn’t such a good dinner she had promised us. A that B which C as D what 2. It was essential that the application forms back before the deadline. A must be sent B would be sent C be sent D were sent 题1答案是C。题中such是个信息词，其后接that或as的主从复合句，B、D两项可首先排除。as是关系代词，后接定语从句，表达“像…样的”；that是连接词，引导表结果的状语从句，表达“这样…以至于”。根据题意，后面是定语从句，故C项为正确答案。 题2答案是C。题中essential是个信息词，在一些以“It is+形容词+that从句”表示愿望、建议、命令等的句型中，that引出的主语从句要用虚拟语气，其谓语须用动词原形或用“should+动词原形”，四个选项中只有C项是答案。  4. 注意固定句型和搭配 在四级语法结构题中，有相当多的考题是一些常见的固定句型和搭配，熟记它们，可提高速度和准确率。请看下列考题： 1. No sooner had we reached the top of the hill we all sat dow