Contrastive Studies of Chinese and English.pptVIP

Contrastive Studies of Chinese and English I. Hypotactic vs Paratactic II. Complex vs Simplex III. End-weight vs Top-heavy IV. Subject-prominent vs Topic-prominent V. Static vs Dynamic VI. Impersonal vs Personal Inanimate vs Animate Hypotactic vs Paratactic形合与意合 Hypotaxis: The dependent or subordinate construction or relationship of clauses arranged with connectives; Parataxis: The arranging of clauses one after the other without connectives showing the relation between them; e.g. Related terms: Tree structure/bamboo structure Hypotactic English 1. frequent use of relative words, conjunction 关系词和连接词 Who, whom, whose, that, which, what, when, where, why, how And, or, but, yet, so, however, as well as, n either… n or…, when, while, as, since, until, so…that, unless… Examples: 1 That is our policy and that is our declaration. —— W. Churchill 这就是我们的国策。这就是我们的宣言。 2 发展体育运动，增强人民体质。 Promote physical culture, and build up People’s health. 3 When I try to understand what it is that prevents so many Americans from being as happy as one might expect, it seems to me that there are two causes, of which one goes much deeper than the other. 为什么如此众多的美国人不能如想象中那样幸福呢？我认为原因有二，而两者之间又有深浅之分。 2. frequent use of preposition It is estimated that there are about 286 preposition in English, of which nine are most frequently used: with, to, from, at, in, of, by, for and on The many colors of a rainbow range from red on the outside to violet on the inside. 彩虹有多种颜色，外圈红，内圈紫。 He had a disconcerting habit of expressing contradictory ideas in rapid succession. 他有一种令人难堪的习惯：一会儿一个看法，自相矛盾，变化无常。 Paratactic Chinese Covert coherence 隐性连贯 1 word order （因为）她不老实，我不能信任她。 Because she is not honest, I can’t trust her 打肿脸充胖子，吃亏是自己。 If you get beyond your depth, you will suffer. 说是说了，没有结果 I’ve made proposals, but they proved futile. 2 repition, parallelism, contrast, antithesis 种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆 As you sow, so will you reap 吃苦在前，享乐在后 Be the first to bear hardships and the last to enjoy comforts 3 four-character word