阐述机手机具的保护耕作机制.doc

阐述机手机具的保护性耕作机制 机械深松主要作用是深松土壤,打破犁底层,增强降水入渗率,有利于作物根系发育,以有效提高产量。深松方式可选用局部深松或全方位深松,深度25~50 cm。深松的适耕条件是土壤含水率为15%～20%。对已实行保护性耕作的地块,深松周期可结合土壤条件和机具进地次数而定,一般为2～3年[3-4]。对新实行保护性耕作的地块,可能存在犁底隔层,应先进行1次深松,打破犁底层。深松一般应选在秋季进行,并要及时进行表土处理保墒。 Mechanical deep loosening main effect is deep loosening soil, break the plough, increase rainfall infiltration rate, promote root growth, crop to improve the yield. Deep loosening way can choose local deep loosening or all-round deep loosening, 25 to 50 cm deep. Deep loosening workable condition that soil moisture content is 15% ~ 20%. To implement conservation tillage land, deep loosening cycle can be combined with soil conditions and the number of machines into, generally for 2 ~ 3 years [3-4]. Of conservation tillage of new plot, there may be a plough bottom interlayer, should be 1 times, deep loosening and breaking the plough. Deep loosening generally should fall in autumn, and in a timely manner topsoil soil conservaton processing. 　　1.2秸秆与表土处理 1.2 the straw and surface soil treatment 　　秸秆与表土处理是为了保持良好的地面覆盖,同时又不过分影响播种作业。若地表秸秆过多、起堆、地表不平时,则需要进行表土作业。秸秆及表土处理的主要方法有秸秆粉碎、浅耙、浅旋等。这些作业属于选择型作业,在保证播种质量的前提下,作业项目越少越好,作业深度越浅越好,最多不超过10 cm。 Straw and surface soil treatment is to keep a good ground cover, and not too much influence planting operation at the same time. If the surface of the straw, pile up, the surface is not too much, at ordinary times you will need to topsoil operations. Straw and surface soil treatment of the main methods are straw crushing, shallow harrow, light spinning, etc. These belong to wide choices, homework assignments on the premise of guarantee the quality of sowing, the project is less, the better, working depth is shallow, the better, not more than 10 cm. 　　1.3免耕施肥播种 1.3 no-till fertilizing seeding 　　应选择丰产、优质、生育期短、抗当地病虫害的优良包衣种子,根据当地农艺要求及地块情况,选择适宜的免耕播种机播种。若播种时地表有干土层,则应采取深开沟、浅覆土的方法,保证种子种在湿土上[5]。播种深度一般为5～6 cm。种肥分施,要保持5 cm以上的间隔距离。为减少蒸发,要尽量减少开沟动土量。 Should choose high yield, high quality, shorter growth dur