逻辑主语.docVIP

逻辑主语 语法错误之逻辑主语 在Doing/done, SVO结构中，Doing对应动作发出者，Done对应动作承受者。位于句首的doing或done的动作发出者或承受者即为逻辑主语，逻辑主语应等于主句SVO的主语S。逻辑主语错误 （Dangling Modifier）问题在于状语和主语逻辑上的动作发出者或承受者不一致。 　　一、分词的省略结构：分词的省略结构一般出现在句首，涉及五种形式 　　（一）基本形式：分词短语位于句首，分词逻辑主语等于句子主语。 　　现在分词Doing和过去分词Done的区别是主被动，主语决定主被动关系，分为Doing/done/Having done/Having been done…, SVO结构。笔者在此特意列出众多例题，使考生形成对doing/done位于句首结构的条件反射，闪光识别，迅速解题。 　　例如Lan252-44/ Using a Doppler ultrasound device, fetal heartbeats can be detected by the twelfth week of pregnancy. 改为Using a Doppler ultrasound device, a physician can detect fetal heartbeats by the twelfth week of pregnancy.是医生使用超声设备。 　　例如 PREP2-12/ Performing a risky maneuver that required precision flying, not only did space shuttle astronauts retrieve an orbiting satellite, it was done simultaneously while avoiding being rear-ended by a passing ultraviolet telescope.改为 space shuttle astronauts retrieved an orbiting satellite and simultaneously avoided。逻辑主语应是astronauts发出performing动作，但是原文中not only, but also固定搭配使用错误，simultaneously“同时”和 while“当…….时”语意重复，且代词it没有指代对象。原文如此病入膏肓，值得考生仔细研究。 　　例如PREP2-60/ Pioneered by scientists at Los Alamos National Laboratory, BEAM robots are not programmed to walk; instead they use brainlike circuits called neural networks to learn to walk through trial and error.原文正确，done位于句首，逻辑主语等于句子主语。 　　例如PREP2-98/ Born into poverty and sent by her father into servitude at the age of seven, Martha Matilda Harper created Americas first retail franchise network, a radical new business model that enabled women in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries to own their own businesses and gain financial independence. 原文正确，done位于句首的逻辑主语问题，是人被born。 　　例如Lan252-45 / Delighted by the reported earnings for the first quarter of the fiscal year, it was decided by the company manager to give her staff a raise. 改为the company manager decided to give her staff a raise，不能改为the staff was given a raise by the company manager。句首delighted 高兴，主语应是人，It不是人。公司业绩好，是经理高兴，而不是员工staf