Chapter3LipidsChemistry脂类化学-.pptVIP

Chapter 3  Lipids Chemistry脂类化学 一、Definition 脂类概念 Lipids are non-polar (hydrophobic) compounds which can be soluble in organic solvents. 脂类是脂酰甘油Acylglycerol和类脂lipoid的总称。 二、共同特性： 1、不溶于水，溶于乙醚aether、氯仿chloroform、苯benzene及丙酮acetone等有机溶剂； 2、具有酯ester的结构，或具有成酯的可能性； 3、可被机体所利用。 An ester forms when a hydroxyl reacts with a carboxylic acid, with loss of H2O. Each glycerophospholipid includes a polar region: glycerol, carbonyl羰基 O of fatty acids, Pi, the polar head group (X) non-polar hydrocarbon tails of fatty acids (R1, R2). Fatty acids脂肪酸 Fatty acids consist of a hydrocarbon chain with a carboxylic acid at one end. A 16-C fatty acid: CH3(CH2)14-COO- Non-polar polar A 16-C fatty acid with one cis double bond between C atoms 9-10 may be represented as 16:1 cis D9. Most naturally occurring fatty acids have an even number of carbon atoms. Double bonds in fatty acids usually have the cis configuration. Some fatty acids and their common names: 14:0?myristic acid肉豆蔻酸; 16:0 palmitic acid棕榈酸/软脂酸; 18:0?stearic acid硬脂酸; --------------saturated fatty acids 饱和脂肪酸 不饱和脂肪酸unsaturated fatty acids 18:1 cisD9? oleic acid油酸 18:2 cisD9,12? linoleic acid亚油酸 18:3 cisD9,12,15? a-linonenic acid亚麻酸 20:4 cisD5,8,11,14? arachidonic acid花生四烯酸（20个C、是前列腺素的前体） 20:5 cisD5,8,11,14,17? eicosapentaenoic acid二十碳五烯酸(an omega-3) 亚油酸、亚麻酸、花生四烯酸等称必需脂肪酸 类花生酸eicosanoid 由花生四烯酸合成，调节细胞代谢，与炎症、免疫、过敏、心血管疾病有关 （一）前列腺素prostaglandin ：平滑肌松弛或收缩等广泛生理功能 （二）血栓素thromboxane：凝集血小板和血栓形成 （三）白三烯leukotrienes：调节白细胞、凝集血小板等等 甘油酯glyceride They have a glycerol backbone. Hydroxyls in glycerol are esterified酯化 to fatty acids. 鞘脂类sphingolipid  鞘氨醇sphingol/sphigolsine结构 Sphingolipids are derivatives of the lipid sphingosine, which has a long hydrocarbon tail, and a polar domain that includes an amino group. 类固醇steroid 环戊烷多氢菲结构 第二节 甘油酯类(glycerides) （一）脂酰甘油acylglycerol 甘油+脂肪酸?酯 按被酯化的-OH数目不同，可分为： 单酰甘油monoacylglycerol 二酰甘油diacylg