无机化学课件16545.pptVIP

* Chapter 6 Precipitating- Dissolving Equilibrium 沉淀-溶解平衡 Outline: Solubility and Solubility Product 溶解度与溶度积 2. Forming and Dissolving of Precipitate 沉淀的形成与溶解 3. Equilibrium Between One Precipitate and Another Precipitate两种沉淀之间的转换平衡 Importance: Solubility and Solubility Product 溶解度与溶度积 Solubility (S): X g / 100g a) Soluble可溶: S 1g /100g b) Slightly Soluble微溶: 0.1g/100gS 1g/100g c) Insoluble难溶: S 0.1g/100g Molar Solubility摩尔溶解度: The molarity of the compound in saturated solution (mol?L-1 )饱和溶液中溶质的摩尔浓度 2. Solubility Product (Constant)溶度积（常数）: Solubility Product(Constant)溶度积（常数） : the equilibrium constant for the equilibrium between an undissolved salt and its ions in a saturated solution在饱和溶液中，未溶解的难溶电解质与其组成离子之间的达到平衡时的平衡常数 In General: 3. The Relationship Between Solubility and Solubility Product溶解度与溶度积之间的换算关系 Example1: Solution: Equilibrium Concentration: 平衡浓度 Example 2: Solution: Equilibrium Concentration: 平衡浓度 The Comparision between AgCl, AgBr and Ag2CrO4 S (AgCl) S (AgBr) S (AgCl) S (AgBr) If two compounds have the same ion ratio, the one with the larger Ksp? will have the higher molar solubility 二. Forming and Dissolving of Precipitate沉淀的形成与溶解 1. Solubility Product Rule溶度积规则: Solubility Product : Ion Product离子积: J Ksp? , Forming of Precipitate沉淀形成 J Ksp?, Dissolving of Precipitate (unsaturated solution) 沉淀溶解（不饱和溶液） c) J = Ksp?, Equilibrium (saturated solution)平衡（饱和溶液） Solution: Initial起始: Change变化: Equilibrium平衡: 2.Common Ion Effect And Salt Effect同离子效应和盐效应: A ) .Common Ion Effect同离子效应 AgCl (s) ? Ag+ (aq) + Cl-1 (aq) The reduction in the solubility of slightly soluble electrolyte by the addition of a electrolyte that has an ion in common with it 在难（微）溶电解质的溶液中加入与该电解质具有相同离子的易溶强电解质时，难（微）溶电解质的溶解度减小的现象 Example: Solution: ( 1) Solubility in pure water纯水中的溶解度 Let CaF2 (s) ? Ca2+ (aq) + 2F-1 (aq) Equilibrium: x