Lesson7GausssLawandElectricFields.ppt

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Problem 5: Infinite Sheet of Charge(Insulator with σ given) Note there is flux out both sides of the box! Problem 6: Infinite Sheet of Charge(Conductor with σ on each surface) Note there is flux out both sides of the box, and the total charge density is 2σ! Problem 6: A second way… Now there is flux out only one side of the box, but the total charge density inside is just σ! Problem 7: A Capacitor There is flux out only one side of the box! The area of the plate is and the area of the box is . A Word to the Wise! If you can do these seven examples, you can do every Gauss’s law problem I can give you! Know them well! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * A Few Facts about Flux Or, using the vector area of the loop, we may write: A Few Facts about Flux only holds when the frame is flat and the field is uniform. What if the surface (frame) isn’t flat, or the electric field isn’t uniform? Area Vectors on a Gaussian Surface 1) We must take a small region of the surface dA that is essentially flat. 2) We choose a unit vector perpendicular to the plane of dA going in an outward direction. A Few Facts about Flux The flux through this small region is: A Few Facts about Flux To find the total flux, we simply add up all the contributions from every little piece of the surface. Recall that the normal to each small area is taken to be in the outward direction. A Few Facts about Flux Thus, the most general equation for flux through a surface is: If we take the flux through a Gaussian surface, we usually write the integral sign with a circle through it to emphasize the fact that the integral is over a closed surface: Class 21 Today, we will: learn how to use Gauss’s law to find the electric fields in cases of high symmetry insdide and outside spheres insi