PCR中英对照自己总结背诵用.docVIP

Chapter 9 Quantitative Analysis of Periodontal Pathogens by ELISA and Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction 通过ELISA和实时-聚合酶联反应对牙周病病原菌进行定量分析 Of the plethora of methodologies reported in the literature, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), which combines the specificity of antibody with the sensitivity of simple enzyme assays 结合了抗体的特异性和单独酶试验的敏感性and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), has been widely utilized in both laboratory and clinical applications. Although conventional PCR does not allow quantitation of the target organism, real-time PCR (rtPCR) has the ability to detect amplicons扩增子as they accumulate in “real time” allowing subsequent quantitation. These methods enable the accurate quantitation of as few as 102 (using rtPCR) to 104 (using ELISA) periodontopathogens in dental plaque samples. Key words: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), real-time PCR (rtPCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), periodontitis, periodontal disease, oral periodontopathogens. What is PCR (polymerase chain reaction)? PCR (polymerase chain reaction) is a method to analyze a short sequence of DNA (or RNA) even in samples containing only minute quantities of DNA or RNA. PCR is used to reproduce (amplify) selected sections of DNA or RNA. Previously, amplification扩增of DNA involved cloning the segments of interest into vectors for expression in bacteria, and took weeks. But now, with PCR done in test tubes, it takes only a few hours. PCR is highly efficient in that untold numbers of copies can be made of the DNA. Moreover, PCR uses the same molecules that nature uses for copying DNA: Definition: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a method of detecting specific sequences of DNA or RNA (types of genetic material) even when only a tiny amount is available. Thats because PCR targets sections of the DNA or RNA, and then reproduces and amplifies them. The process is performed in a test tube and takes only a few hours. Its common to come across this term in chronic fatigue