GCT综合英语第0单元课文翻译.docVIP

仅做参考 好好学习，天天向上 Unit 10 Part B The Social Control of Science and Technology 对科学和技术的社会监督 Science and technology are not simply the work of isolated individuals: the selection of research problems and the rate and direction of innovation are strongly influenced by social forces. It is no accident, for example, that so much applied research in the United States focuses on the development of military and commercial products. It follows that science and technology cant be regarded as somehow independent of society. Like any other cultural products, they are created and controlled by countless individual men and women. The difficulty is that this control is haphazard. We have created a complex institution to ensure the development of science and technology, but we have created few means of monitoring and controlling their effects — despite the impact these effects can have on the social order. 科学和技术不仅仅是孤立的个人的工作:研究课题的选择、创新的进度和方向均受社会力量的影响。这并非偶然，例如：在美国，许多应用研究的重点是发展军事和金融产品。因此，科学和技术不能被视为如何独立的社会。像任何其他文化产品，它们是被无数个男人和女人建立和控制的。困难的是,这种控制是偶然的。我们已经创造了一个复杂的制度以确保科技的发展,但是我们很少监控他们的影响——尽管这方面可能对社会秩序产生影响。 The lack of systematic social control over scientific and technological innovation presents three main problems: (1) A relatively haphazard scientific and technological advance may have many unforeseen social effects, particularly in terms of the quality of the environment. Consider, for example, the growing list of chemical and food additives that may contribute to human cancers; the increasing atmospheric pollution that some scientists think may lead to climatic changes which could cause a new ice age; the mounting health problems caused by chemical wastes that have been improperly disposed of; and the ominous threat of major accidents in nuclear power plants. 缺乏有系统的社会控制科学和技术的创新有如下三个问题： (1)相对盲目科技进步可能有许多无法预知的社会影响,特别是在环境质量方面。设想一下,例如,越来越多的化工和食品添加剂,可能导致人类得癌症; 部分科学家们认为大气污染的增加,可能导致气候变化，这种变化会导致一个新的冰河时期; 化学废物的处置不当会造成越来越多的健康问题，核电站重大事故的潜在威胁。 (2) Unless society ensures that innovations in scie