ICP-AES法测定水中的总磷汇编.docVIP

ICP-AES法测定水中的总磷 李剑，王春艳，陈平 （德阳市环境监测站，四川 德阳 618000） 摘 要 ICP-AES法测定水中的总磷，是一种适应了现代分析科学发展的一种环境友好的分析方法，它不但直接监测无机磷和有机磷，减少国家标准方法中水样消解繁琐的步骤，而且节约时间和试剂，减少了步骤繁多带来的误差。该方法具有线性范围宽、灵敏度高、检出限低、化学干扰低、操作简单，不会给环境带来二次污染等优点。本方法检出限为0.010mg/L，回收率为95% ~ 100%，RSD为0.18%~0.74%，和国标方法钼锑抗分光光度法相比对，相对误差小于10%。该法准确、快速、简便，应用于水中总磷的测定是可行的。对于任务繁重，人员短缺的环境监测站，这种操作简单、时间短暂、精密度和准确度高和试剂消耗量少的方法应广泛开发和应用到实际工作中。 关键词：ICP-AES；总磷 Analyzing for Total Phosphorus in Water Samples by ICP-AES The ICP-AES method for was used to the determine the total phosphorus in the water, which is an environmental friendly and suitable to the modern scientific analytical technique. This method can not only measure the inorganic and organic phosphorus, reducing sample digestion tedious steps as in the national standard method, but also, it can save time and reagents, reducing errors caused by steps. This method has many advantages, including wide linear range, high sensitivity, low detection limit, low chemical interference, simple operation, and no secondary pollution to the environment. The detection limits 0.010mg/L, and the recovery percent is 95% ~ 100%, with RSD 0.18% ~ 0.74%. Comparing with the national standard analysis method for total phosphorus in water samples, the relative error is less than 10%. This method is accurate, quick-acquired and convenient. It is feasible in the determination of water samples. This simple operation, short time needed, high precision and accuracy, and less reagent consumption method should be widely developed and applied to the practical work for the heavy task and staff shortages of Environmental Monitoring Station. Key Words: phosphorus; ICP-AES 一、前 言 在天然和废水中，磷以各种磷酸盐的形式存在，有正磷酸盐，缩合磷酸盐(焦磷酸盐、偏磷酸盐和多磷酸盐)、有机结合的磷酸盐，它们存在于溶液中、腐殖质中、或水生生物中[1]。水源水主要受到化肥、冶炼和合成洗涤剂等行业工业废水及生活污水的污染而造成磷含量过高，从而导致湖泊、河流中藻类过度繁殖，水质恶化，人们长期饮用含磷量较高的水，会引起中枢神经中毒，甚至会引起肝、肾、心脏变性而致死[2]，因此水源水中磷的标准被严格限制在0.20 mg／L以下。水体中磷含量过高会使生物的呼吸困难，造成鱼类和其他生物的死亡，水质色深、脏臭和病菌丛生，严重时会使水呈红色和红褐色的“赤潮”现象。 水中总磷是评价水体受污染程度的重要指标之一，在水质理化检测指标中，总磷是重要检测项目之一，国内外卫生及环保部门非常重视总磷的测