颈部解剖5幻灯片.pptVIP

局部解剖学（九） 颈部的局部解剖与操作（1） 颈 部 Neck 概述 introduction 浅层结构 superifical structures 下颌下三角 submandibular triangle 颏下三角 submental triangle 一、概述 Introduction 境界和分区 boundary and regions 表面解剖 surface anatomy 表面标志 surface landmark 体表投影 surface projection 1. 颈部的境界 boundary of the neck 2.颈部分区 颈部:分为固有颈部（proper neck）和项部（nape）。 固有颈部:又可分为颈前区anterior region、胸锁乳突肌区sternocleidomastoid region和颈外侧区lateral region。 颈前区：被舌骨hyoid分为舌骨上区suprahyoid region（包括2个下颌下三角和1个颏下三角）和舌骨下区infrahyoid region（包括成对的颈动脉三角和肌三角）。 颈外侧区：被肩胛舌骨肌下腹分为枕三角和锁骨上三角。 3.表面标志 surface landmark 表面标志Surface Landmark 舌骨 Hyhoid H 甲状软骨 Thyroid cartilage T 喉结节 Laryngeal prominence P 环状软骨 Cricoid cartilage C 第1气管环 The first tracheal ringe 1 甲状腺峡 Isthmus S 二、颈部浅层结构The superficial structures of the neck 皮肤 The skin thin and pliable 浅筋膜及其内容The superficial fascia and its contents a thin layer of fat a sheet of platysma the anterior jugular vein the lateral jugular vein the superficial lateral and anerior cervical lymph nodes the cutaneous branches of the cervical plexus the cervical branch of the facial nerve 1. 颈阔肌The platysma Is a broad, thin sheet of muscle in the subcutaneous tissue. Covers the anterolateral aspect of the neck. Aarise in fascia covering superior parts of the deltoid and pectoralis major muscles and sweep superomedially over the clavicle to the inferior border of the mandible, skin, and subcutaneous tissue of lower face. Is one of the muscles of facial expression. Is innervated by the cervical branch of the facial nerve. The superficial cervical veins and nerves are located deep to the platysma. The main action of the platysma:①draws corners of mouth inferiorly and widens it as in expressions of sadness and fright; ②draws the skin of neck superiorly when teeth are “clenched”. 2. 颈前静脉或颈前正中静脉、颈外静脉 颈静脉弓 3. 颈浅淋巴结Superficial cervical lymph nodes 4. Superficial cervical nerves Cutaneous branches of the cervical plexus Nerve point of neck Cervical branch of the facial nerve 面神经的颈支